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Hubs192 > skin P1 > Flashcards

skin P1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skin?

A
  • protect
  • excrete salts, water, and organic waste by integumentary glands
  • maintain main body temp
  • produce melanin
  • produce keratin
  • synthesize vitamin D
  • store lipids
  • detect touch. pressure, pain, and temp stimuli
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2
Q

what are the 3 primary layers of the skin called

A
  1. epidermis
    2, dermis
    3, hypodermis
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3
Q

describe the epidermis layer (functions etc…)

A
  • is the outer layer of skin
  • is a stratified barrier
  • mostly made of keratinocytes
  • has no blood circulation
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4
Q

describe the dermis layer (functions etc…)

A
  • helps the skin stay together
  • is alive/has blood circulation
  • has 7 layers
  • protein fibres for strength
  • is vascular
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5
Q

describe the hypodermis layer (functions etc…)

A
  • is the lowest layer
  • subcutaneous ( not the skin )
  • adipose tissue (fats are)
  • these fats are mobilised in starvation
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6
Q

with epithelial tissue, what does ‘simple’ and ‘stratified’ mean

A 
simple = single/ 1 layer
stratified = stacked/ multiple layers
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7
Q

what does squamous, cuboidal and columnar look like

A 
squamous = squashed
cuboidal = cube
columnar = columns
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8
Q

how many layers are in the epidermis

A

4 layers

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9
Q

what are the name of the layers in the epidermis (top to bottom)

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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10
Q

describe the stratum corneum (horny layer)

A

has dead, dried-out hard cells that dont have a nuclei.
flakes off the body
are formed in horns

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11
Q

describe the stratum granulosum layer

A

it dehydrates the cells that are being pushed towards the surface
cross-links the keratin fibres
waxy material is secreted into intercellular spacing to fill the gaps

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12
Q

describe the stratum spinosum layer

A

has intercellular bridges called desmosomes

cells become increasingly flattened as they move up

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13
Q

describe the stratum basale layer

A

are tall (columnar) regenerative cells
as the cell divides, the daughter cell migrates upwards to replenish the layer above
never runs out

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14
Q

what are hemidesmosomes?

A

they help anchors the stratum basale to the dermis

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15
Q

what are desmosomes

A

they anchor neighbouring cells in the epidermis

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16
Q

true or false, the stratum corneum be completely removed

A

true

17
Q

how many layers are in thick skin

A

5 layers

18
Q

what is the extra layer in thick skin called

A

stratum lucidum

19
Q

what are the 2 layers under the dermis called

A
  • papillary layer

- reticular layer

20
Q

describe the papillary layer

A

it consists of highly vascularised tissue with is used for nourishment

21
Q

describe the reticular layer

A

its a ‘mesh-like’ structure of collagen and elastin fibres

- for strength

22
Q

what do both the papillary and reticular layer contain

A
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatics
  • sensory nerve fibres
  • accessory structure
23
Q

what does plexus mean

A

a network of something

e.g network of blood vessels or nerves

24
Q

what is the cutaneous plexus

A

a network of blood vessels that are present at the junction of the dermis/hypodermis

25
Q

what does the cutaneous plexus do

A

supplies the hypodermis, deep dermis, the capillaries for the hair follicles and sweat glands

26
Q

what is the subpapillary plexus

A
  • it branches off the cutaneous plexus and lies deep to the papillary layer of the dermis
  • is a network of blood vessels
27
Q

what does the subpapillary plexus do

A

supplies oxygen and nutrients to the upper dermis and epidermis

28
Q

describe what the hypodermis is

A
  • is the subcutaneous layer
  • dominated by adipocytes that produce subcutaneous fat
  • the subcutaneous fat stores energy and provides insulation
  • common layer for vaccinations to go
29
Q

describe what a 1st degree burn is

A
  • is superficial, only involves outer layer of epidermis
  • has red/pink, dry look
  • is painful
  • usually no blisters
  • remains a water and bacterial barrier
  • heals 3-10 days
30
Q

describe a normal 2nd degree burn

A
  • involves epidermis + varying amounts of dermis
  • is painful
  • looks moist, red and blistered
  • heals in approx 1-2 weeks with good dressings
31
Q

describe a deeper 2nd degree burn

A
  • involves epidermis + dermis
  • may include a whiteish, waxy looking areas
  • hair follicles and sweat glands may stay intact
  • may have some loss of sensation and scarring
  • heal time = 1 month
32
Q

describe a 3rd degree burn

A
  • is a full thickness burn ( goes through all layers till the subcutaneous tissue)
  • may involve muscle and bone
  • can vary in colour = waxy white to deep red or black
  • has a hard, dry. leathery look
  • no pain in the areas as sensory nerve endings = destroyed
  • may require skin graft
  • weeks to regenerate and scarring

Hubs192 (7 decks)

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