cardiovascular system p1 Flashcards
what system is a continuous loop
- blood vascular system
- closed supply and drainage system
what system is one way
- lymphatic system
- a open-entry drainage system
- sits among the capillaries
- takes fluid thats drained out back into the heart
what are the general principles of organisation of the cardiovascular system
- supply
- exchange network
- drainage
describe the supply side
- arteries are the only supply chain
- they are under high pressure and high volume
- major arteries are situated to avoid damage
- important structures often receive 2 supply chains, etc brain and hands
describe the exchange network
- capillaries of varying degrees of permeability:
- continuous
- fenestrated
- sinusoidal
describe the drainage pathway
- there are 3 drainage pathways
- deep veins (in the opposite direction along the major arteries)
- superficial veins (close to the skin)
- lymphatics (does not contain red blood cells)
- cross sectional areas of veins are at least 2x that of the arteries
describe the shape of the heart
- blunt, cone shaped
what is the apex and base
apex = pointed end (bottom of the heart) base = broad end (top of the heart near aorta etc)
where does the heart sit in the thoracic
- the base of the heart sits behind the 2nd-3rd ribs
- the apes sits between the 5th and 6th ribs and is at the midclavicular line
- it is rotated to the left and tilted posterior
- 2/3rds of the heart sits left of the midline
what is the pathway the deoxygenated blood travels
- superior/inferior vena cava and the opening of the coronary sinus
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary arteries
- lungs
what is the opening of the coronary sinus
is where deoxygenated blood from the heart goes
what is the pathway oxygenated blood travel
- lungs
- pulmonary arteries
- left atrium
- left ventricle
- aorta
what are the layers of the heart wall
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
- pericardium
where is the endocardium
- is within the heart
where is the myocardium
- is the middle layer
- is the muscle heart, striated muscle
where is the epicardium
- the outer most layer of the heart
what is the pericardium
- is the sack the heart sits within
- provides lubricant for the heart
what type of epithelial cells is at the bottom of the endocardium
squamous endothelium
what is the endocardium made of
- loose FCT (not very strong)
- small blood vessels
- purkinje fibres (conduction pathway)
how thick is the myocardial of left and right ventricles
left = 1.5cm right = 0.5cm
true or false, the epicardium does not contain part of the paricardium
- flase
what are the layers of the pericardium
- fibrous
- parietal layer of serous
- pericardial cavity
- visceral serous pericardium
what are the layers of the epicardium
- visceral serous pericardium
- loose irregular FCT (adipose)
- blood vessel
what is the valve called between the right atrium and right ventricle
- tricuspid valve
what is the valve called between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- pulmonary (semilunar) valve
