cardiovascular system p1

Question 1

what system is a continuous loop

Answer 1

• blood vascular system

- closed supply and drainage system

Question 2

what system is one way

Answer 2

• lymphatic system
• a open-entry drainage system
• sits among the capillaries
• takes fluid thats drained out back into the heart

Question 3

what are the general principles of organisation of the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

• supply
• exchange network
• drainage

Question 4

describe the supply side

Answer 4

• arteries are the only supply chain
• they are under high pressure and high volume
• major arteries are situated to avoid damage
• important structures often receive 2 supply chains, etc brain and hands

Question 5

describe the exchange network

Answer 5

• capillaries of varying degrees of permeability:
• continuous
• fenestrated
• sinusoidal

Question 6

describe the drainage pathway

Answer 6

• there are 3 drainage pathways
  
  • deep veins (in the opposite direction along the major arteries)
  • superficial veins (close to the skin)
  • lymphatics (does not contain red blood cells)
• cross sectional areas of veins are at least 2x that of the arteries

Question 7

describe the shape of the heart

Answer 7

• blunt, cone shaped

Question 8

what is the apex and base

Answer 8

apex = pointed end (bottom of the heart)
base = broad end (top of the heart near aorta etc)

Question 9

where does the heart sit in the thoracic

Answer 9

• the base of the heart sits behind the 2nd-3rd ribs
• the apes sits between the 5th and 6th ribs and is at the midclavicular line
• it is rotated to the left and tilted posterior
• 2/3rds of the heart sits left of the midline

Question 10

what is the pathway the deoxygenated blood travels

Answer 10

• superior/inferior vena cava and the opening of the coronary sinus
• right atrium
• right ventricle
• pulmonary arteries
• lungs

Question 11

what is the opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 11

is where deoxygenated blood from the heart goes

Question 12

what is the pathway oxygenated blood travel

Answer 12

• lungs
• pulmonary arteries
• left atrium
• left ventricle
• aorta

Question 13

what are the layers of the heart wall

Answer 13

• endocardium
• myocardium
• epicardium
• pericardium

Question 14

where is the endocardium

Answer 14

• is within the heart

Question 15

where is the myocardium

Answer 15

• is the middle layer

- is the muscle heart, striated muscle

Question 16

where is the epicardium

Answer 16

• the outer most layer of the heart

Question 17

what is the pericardium

Answer 17

• is the sack the heart sits within

- provides lubricant for the heart

Question 18

what type of epithelial cells is at the bottom of the endocardium

Answer 18

squamous endothelium

Question 19

what is the endocardium made of

Answer 19

• loose FCT (not very strong)
• small blood vessels
• purkinje fibres (conduction pathway)

Question 20

how thick is the myocardial of left and right ventricles

Answer 20

left = 1.5cm
right = 0.5cm

Question 21

true or false, the epicardium does not contain part of the paricardium

Answer 21

• flase

Question 22

what are the layers of the pericardium

Answer 22

• fibrous
• parietal layer of serous
• pericardial cavity
• visceral serous pericardium

Question 23

what are the layers of the epicardium

Answer 23

• visceral serous pericardium
• loose irregular FCT (adipose)
• blood vessel

Question 24

what is the valve called between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 24

• tricuspid valve

Question 25

what is the valve called between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Answer 25

• pulmonary (semilunar) valve