cardiovascular system p3

Question 1

what is the systemic circulation

Answer 1

• is the pathway the blood going away from the heart, in the arteries
• the pathway the blood goes back to the heart, in the veins

Question 2

name the pathway the blood goes in the arteries from the aorta in the lower body

Answer 2

• aorta
• R/L common iliac artery
• R/L external iliac artery
• R/L femoral artery
• R/L popliteal artery
• R/L posterior tibial artery
• R/L plantar arch

Question 3

name veins the blood uses to go back to the heart from the feet

Answer 3

• R/L deep plantar venous arch
• R/L posterior tibial vein
• R/L popliteal vein
• R/L femoral vein
• R/L external iliac vein
• R/L common iliac vein
• inferior vena cava

Question 4

what is the name of the longest vein in the lower half of the body

Answer 4

• great saphenous vein
• from the ankle to the groin
• is superficial

Question 5

what are the 3 layers of the blood vessels

Answer 5

• tunica intima = innermost layer
• tunica media = middle layer
• tunica adventitia = outermost layer

Question 6

what are the layers called in the tunica intima

Answer 6

• endothelium
• sub-endothelium
• internal elastic lamina (IEL)

Question 7

describe the endothelium layer in the tunica intima

Answer 7

• a simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen of the vessel. separates the blood from the vessel wall

Question 8

describe the sub-endothelium layer in the tunica intima

Answer 8

• is a sparse pad of loose FCT cushioning the endothelium

Question 9

describe the internal elastic lamina layer in the tunica intima

Answer 9

• is a condensed sheet of elastic tissue.

- is well developed in the arteries and less in the veins

Question 10

describe the tunica media

Answer 10

• is smooth muscle = non striated and involuntary
• has variable content of connective tissue fibres = mainly elastin and collagen
• thickness of the media is proportional to both vessel diameter and blood pressure

Question 11

describe the tunica adventitia

Answer 11

• the loose FCT with a high content of collagen and variable amount of elastin
• larger vessels contains the vasa vasorum
• lymphatics and autonomic nerves are also found in here

Question 12

what is the arteriole and its function

Answer 12

• is a smaller artery

- function = are the resistance vessels of the circulation which determines blood pressure

Question 13

describe the function of the capillaries

Answer 13

• is the site of exchange between blood and tissue

Question 14

describe venules

Answer 14

• are the smallest veins
• are the start of the collecting drainage system
• has a mono capsid valve that prevents blood going back

Question 15

describe the functions of the veins

Answer 15

• low pressure and a large volume transport system
• is a one-way flow
• are capacitance vessels = holds additional blood volume, slowly accumulates in veins

Question 16

what’s the difference between veins and arteries

Answer 16

• veins have a much thinner media than arteries, has a few layers of smooth muscle
• veins often have the adventitia as their thickest layer
  veins are irregular, flattened shape with a large lumen and thin wall
• in the veins have collagen that acts as the limiting element in the adventitia

Question 17

why are veins larger in the cross-sectional area than arteries?

Answer 17

• they are more than twice the cross-sectional area compared to arteries because they need to pump the same volume of blood that the arteries pump around