cardiovascular system p2 Flashcards
what is the name of the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
- (aortic) semilunar valve
- bicuspid valve
- 3 cusps/leaflets
what is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- left AV valve/left atrioventricular valve
- bicuspid valve
what is the name of the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- semilunar valve
- 3 cusps/leaflets
what is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
- right AV valve/right atrioventricular valve
- tricuspid valve
what is the function for the AV valves
- prevents blood returning to the atrium during ventricular contraction
what is diastole, and what happens during this phase
- heart is relaxed, not contracting
- low BP
- filling phase of the heart
- AV valves open
what is systole, and what happens during this phase
- heart is contracting
- high BP
- blood going out of the heart
- AV valves are closed
- semilunar valves are opened due to pressure
what is the function of semilunar valves
- prevent blood returning to ventricles during filling (diastole)
what is the function of semilunar valves
- prevent blood returning to ventricles during filling (diastole)
- pushed open as blood flows out of heart
- closes as blood starts to backflow
what are the 2 structures that help the AV valve leaflet close slowly
- chordae tendineae
- papillary muscle
what is the chordae tendineae
- are the heart strings/parachute cords
- are strong connective tissue
what is the papillary muscles
- are fingerlike projections off the ventricle
- it ensures the AV valve closes softly
what are the names of the arteries in the front of the heart
- right and left coronary artery
- anterior interventricular artery
- circumflex artery
what are the names of the veins on the back of the heart
- coronary sinus
- small cardiac vein
- great cardiac vein
describe what the cardiac muscle looks like
- is striated like skeletal muscle
- has red blood cells on the capillaries
- capillaries are thin so are easy for gas exchange
- the lumen of the capillaries are small so the red blood cells travel in a single file
- they have nucleus’
- has loads of capillaries
in regards of the myocardium of the cardiac muscle, what are the features and the function
features: has both smooth & skeletal muscle as well as cardiac muscle specific specialisation
function: beating of the heart
describe the cardiac muscle cell structure
- striated, sarcomeres in cytoplasm of cell.
- short branched cells
- 1-2 nuclei
- central nucleus
- cytoplasmic organelles packed at the poles of nucleus
- interconnected with neighbouring cells via intercalated disks (ICD’s)
what are the 3 intercalated disks that connect each cell together in the heart
- adhesion belts
- desmosomes
- gap junctions
