cardiovascular system p2

Question 1

what is the name of the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

Answer 1

• (aortic) semilunar valve
• bicuspid valve
• 3 cusps/leaflets

Question 2

what is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Answer 2

• left AV valve/left atrioventricular valve

- bicuspid valve

Question 3

what is the name of the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries

Answer 3

• pulmonary semilunar valve
• semilunar valve
• 3 cusps/leaflets

Question 4

what is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 4

• right AV valve/right atrioventricular valve

- tricuspid valve

Question 5

what is the function for the AV valves

Answer 5

• prevents blood returning to the atrium during ventricular contraction

Question 6

what is diastole, and what happens during this phase

Answer 6

• heart is relaxed, not contracting
• low BP
• filling phase of the heart
• AV valves open

Question 7

what is systole, and what happens during this phase

Answer 7

• heart is contracting
• high BP
• blood going out of the heart
• AV valves are closed
• semilunar valves are opened due to pressure

Question 8

what is the function of semilunar valves

Answer 8

• prevent blood returning to ventricles during filling (diastole)

Question 8

what is the function of semilunar valves

Answer 8

• prevent blood returning to ventricles during filling (diastole)
• pushed open as blood flows out of heart
• closes as blood starts to backflow

Question 9

what are the 2 structures that help the AV valve leaflet close slowly

Answer 9

• chordae tendineae

- papillary muscle

Question 10

what is the chordae tendineae

Answer 10

• are the heart strings/parachute cords

- are strong connective tissue

Question 11

what is the papillary muscles

Answer 11

• are fingerlike projections off the ventricle

- it ensures the AV valve closes softly

Question 12

what are the names of the arteries in the front of the heart

Answer 12

• right and left coronary artery
• anterior interventricular artery
• circumflex artery

Question 13

what are the names of the veins on the back of the heart

Answer 13

• coronary sinus
• small cardiac vein
• great cardiac vein

Question 14

describe what the cardiac muscle looks like

Answer 14

• is striated like skeletal muscle
• has red blood cells on the capillaries
• capillaries are thin so are easy for gas exchange
• the lumen of the capillaries are small so the red blood cells travel in a single file
• they have nucleus’
• has loads of capillaries

Question 15

in regards of the myocardium of the cardiac muscle, what are the features and the function

Answer 15

features: has both smooth & skeletal muscle as well as cardiac muscle specific specialisation
function: beating of the heart

Question 16

describe the cardiac muscle cell structure

Answer 16

• striated, sarcomeres in cytoplasm of cell.
• short branched cells
• 1-2 nuclei
• central nucleus
• cytoplasmic organelles packed at the poles of nucleus
• interconnected with neighbouring cells via intercalated disks (ICD’s)

Question 17

what are the 3 intercalated disks that connect each cell together in the heart

Answer 17

• adhesion belts
• desmosomes
• gap junctions