Skin, Nose/Mouth/Throat, Abdominal and Nutritional Assessments Flashcards
What are the three layers of Skin?
Epidermis
Dermis (connective tissue/collagen)
Subcutaneous layer
What are some functions of Skin?
Homeostasis
Boundaries for fluid
Protection from radiation/microorganisms
Temperature
What are 4 things a skin assessment show?
General health status
Chronic medical conditions
Self care ability
Neglect or abuse
What is Pruritus?
Itchy Skin
What are the 4 different skin pigmentations?
Pallor (white)
Erythema (red)
Cyanosis (blue)
Jaundice (yellow)
What is Diaphoresis
Excessive Sweating
What are 5 questions when assessing Skin?
What is normal?
Do they have problem areas?
What are they doing about said areas?
Length of time problem has existed?
What has been done already?
What are some reasons that skin changes with age?
Less Melanin (pigmentation)
Epidermis becomes thin
Sweat Glands become less active
Reduced blood supply
Slower skin repair
What are the 3 types of Malignant Skin Lesions?
Malignant melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
ABCDE for screening moles
What is Gingivitis?
Inflamed gums
What nerve controls movement of the tongue?
Cranial Nerve 12
What are the 4 parts of Physical Assessment?
INSPECTION - look
PALPATION - feel
PERCUSSION - feel & listen
AUSCULTATION - listen
What is Herniation?
Tissue moving to an abnormal body opening
What is Distention?
Enlarged or swollen from internal pressure
In Percussion what is Dull and Typany?
Dull - Solid Organs + masses + fluid filled
Tympany - Air filled
What is Hyper Resonance?
Gaseous Distention
What are the sounds being assessed in Auscultation?
Pitch
Loudness
Quality
Duration
What are some Macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Water
What do Macronutrients do?
Supply energy & build tissue
What are some Micronutrients?
Water soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins
Essential Trace Minerals
What do Micronutrients do?
Regulate and control body processes
What are some water soluble vitamins?
C
B
What are some fat soluble vitamins?
D
E
K
A
What are healthy proportions on a plate?
1/2 veges
1/4 protein
1/4 starch
What is an appropriate serving size for meat?
Palm of the hand
Why are few calories needed in adulthood?
Decrease in BMR
What is an appropriate serving size for vegetables?
What fits in a cupped hand
What is BMR?
Basal Metabolic Rate
Number of calories you burn just from basic life processes
When are there increased nutritional needs in paediatric life stages?
Antenatal period
Infancy Adolescence
Pregnancy & Lactation increases nutritional needs
What does ABCD stand for?
Anthropometry
Biochemical/Bowels
Clinical
Dietary
What does Anthropometry mean?
Measurements and proportions of human body
(BMI, Weight, Head circumference, Waist circumference, skin folds)
