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Derm Exam 2 > Skin Neoplasms > Flashcards

Skin Neoplasms Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are some indications of malignancy?

A
  • sore or lump that bleeds or develops a crust or a scab
  • flat red spot that is rough, dry, or scaly and may become itchy or tender
  • red or brown patch that is rough and scaly
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2
Q

stages of skin cancer are based on what?

A

size and depth of involvement

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3
Q

what is the most common malignant cutaneous neoplasm (among caucasians)

A

basal cell CA

occurs over sun-exposed areas

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4
Q

describe the malignancy potential of basal cell CA.

A
  • locally invasive, rarely metastasizes

- slow growing destructive lesion

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5
Q

which form of basal cell CA is most aggressive? least aggressive?

A

nodular form- (large nests of tumor cells); least

morpheaform- (small nests of tumor cells); more aggressive

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6
Q

what is the most common form of BCC?

A

nodular basal cell CA (BCC)

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7
Q

a patient presents with a small, white dome shaped nodule that has telangiectatic vessels that make appearance “erythematous”. which neoplasm is this?

A

nodular BCC

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8
Q

what is the least aggressive of BCC?

A

superficial BCC

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9
Q

what is the most common BCC of LE and feet?

A

superficial BCC

*appears very smooth and red!

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10
Q

whicn neoplasm is the second-most prevalent malignant tumor of the skin? (and is most common among AA and Asian-Indians)?

A

squamous cell CA

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11
Q

describe the malignancy potential of squamous cell carcinoma.

A

DANGEROUS TUMOR, CAN METASTASIZE TO LYMPH NODES

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12
Q

between basal cell CA and squamous cell CA, which will metastasize?

A

squamous cell CA will metastasize to lymph nodes

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13
Q

which neoplasm is NOT pearly (unlike basal cell CA)?

A

squamous cell CA

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14
Q

amount of margins during excisional skin surgery depends on what?

A

type of lesion

depth of lesion

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15
Q

is radiation therapy a common treatment for skin cancer?

A

no

-it can be used for areas that are difficult for surgery or leave a bad scar

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16
Q

what is the most serious type of cancer of the skin?

A

melanoma

17
Q

what are the risk factors for developing melanoma?

A
  1. dysplastic nevi
  2. 50+ ordinary moles
  3. fair skin
  4. personal hx of melanoma or skin cancer
  5. FMHx of melanoma
  6. weakened immune system
  7. sever, blistering sunburns
  8. UV radiation
18
Q

where does malignant melanoma metastasize to?

A

any organ; brain and heart

19
Q

do melanomas cause pain?

A

no

20
Q

what are the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma?

A
  • asymmetry
  • irregular borders
  • color variation
  • diameter enlargmenet
  • evolution/elevated
21
Q

what is the clark staging for malignant melanoma based on?

A

level of invasion of the skin

22
Q

what is the Breslow’s staging for malignant melanoma based on?

A

layer of skin involved AND depth of the lesion

23
Q

what are the 2 staging systems for malignant melanoma that we discussed and which is more accurate?

A

Clark

Breslow’s depth- more accurate

24
Q

Using Breslow’s depth staging, classify tumors into their 4 categories.

A

4mm (Clarks 5)

25
Q

classify this according to Clark: all tumor cells above the basement mb (in situ)

A

Clarks Level 1

26
Q

classify this according to Clark: tumor extends to papillary dermis

A

Clarks Level 2

27
Q

classify this according to Clark: tumor extends to interface btwn papillary and reticular dermis

A

Clarks Level 3

28
Q

classify this according to Clark: tumor extends btwn bundles of collagen and reticular dermis

A

Clarks Level 4

29
Q

classify this according to Clark:tumor invasion of SC tissue

A

Clarks Level 5

30
Q

The American Joint Commiission on Cancer published a cancer staging manual that is based on what?

A

T-tumor thickness
N-nodes (lymph) involvement
M-metastasis

31
Q

how do you diagnose melanoma?

A

excisional biopsy

32
Q

what are the 4 main types of malignant melanoma?

A
  1. superficial spreading
  2. lentigo maligna
  3. nodular
  4. acral lentiginous
33
Q

which type of growth phase (radial or vertical) is more aggressive?

A

vertical growth phase- penetrates dermis

34
Q

superficial spreading melanoma has what type of spread (vertical or radial)?

A

radial spread- therefore is the least aggressive of the malignant melanomas

35
Q

which type of melanoma occurs over sun-exposed areas usually in elderly and on the face?

A

lentigo maligna melanoma

36
Q

which type of melanoma is least aggressive? which is most malignant?

A

least- superficial spreading melanoma

most malignant- nodular melanoma

37
Q

what is Hutchinson’s sign ? what does this indicate?

A

sudden apeparance of subungual pigmented band at proximal nail fold
(suspect acral lentiginous melanoma)

38
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma affects where in the body mostly?

A

palms, soles and nail beds

39
Q

what are the pre-malignant lesions?

A
  • acitinic keratosis

- cutaneous horns

Derm Exam 2 (10 decks)

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