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Microbiology > Skin/Muscle/Bone > Flashcards

Skin/Muscle/Bone Flashcards

1
Q

S. pyogenes structural virulence factors

A

M protein: destroys C3 convertase
F protein: mediates adherence via fibronectin-binding proteins
Pili and TA: attachment

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2
Q

Bartonella hensleae

A

Causes: Cat Scratch Dz
Pathogenesis: obligate intracellular, can trigger proliferation of endothelial cells
ROS: regional lymphadenopathy
Diagnosis: Warthin-Starry stain, IFA, serology

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3
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Transmission: traumatic implantation
Incubation: months-years
Pathogenesis: granulomatous inflammation
ROS: wart-like lesions w/ crusting abscesses extending along lymphatics
Dx: dark brown, round fungal cells seen in leukocytes or giant cells

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4
Q

Condylomata acuminatum

A

Caused by HPV 6 and 11

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5
Q

Epidermophyton

A

No microconidia

Microconidia: “beaver-tail” appearance

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6
Q

S. pyogenes toxins

A

Pyrogens exotoxins (SPE): stimulates cytokines release (causes erythematous rash)

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7
Q

Melassazia Furfur

A

Pathogenesis: infects stratum corneumphenols degrade lipids producing acid that damages melanocytes and inhibit tyrosinase
Clinical manifestation: Pityriasis versicolor
Dx: short septate hyphae w/ spores = “spaghetti and meatball”

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8
Q

Tinea Nigra

A

Etiology: Cladosporium werneckii
Epidemiology: Southern US
ROS: brown spot caused by melanin-like pigment in hyphae
Tx: topical keratolytic agent

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9
Q

Rubella

A

*Aka German Measles
Family: Togaviridae (TORCH infection)
ROS: centripetal rash, postauricular lymphadenopathy, Forchheimer’s sign (petechial lesion on palate)

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10
Q

S. pyogenes enzymes virulence

A

C5a peptidase: inhibits production of C5a
Streptokinase: breaks down fibrin clot
Hyaluronidase: degrades HA in ECM (like in nec fasc)

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11
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Etiology: type I is polymicrobial, or type II is S. pyogenes
ROS: sudden onset pain, crepitus, fever, tenderness, hypoperfusion and bullae later in the course

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12
Q

Trichnosis

A

Etiology: Trichnella spiralis
Transmission: ingestion of cysts in undercooked meat
ROS: periorbital edema, fever, myalgia, rashes, eosinophilia, splinter hemorrhages
Complication: myocarditis, CNS/lung involvement
Dx: muscle biopsy showing cysts, ELISA, eosinophilia

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13
Q

Cellulitis/Erysipelas with h/o pw?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

White Piedra

A

Etiology: Trichosporon
Transmission: person-to-person
Epidemiology: semitropical and temperate climates
Pathogenesis: ascostroma are fruiting bodies, then ascospores released
ROS: superficial infection of hair shaft
Tx: shave infected hair

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15
Q

Cellulitis/Erysipelas in pt w/ dog or cat injury?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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16
Q

Loaisis

A

Etiology: Loa loa
Vector: deer fly (Chrysops)
ROS: dermis and subcutaneous skin infection (Calabar swelling - red/itchy on extremities and body 1-3d), itching d/t migration of the worm
Dx: microfilirae on PB (daytime sample), eosinophilia, adult worm in eye

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17
Q

Impetigo

A

Cause: S. aureus (80%), and S. pyogenes (occasionally)
ROS: honey crusted lesions that don’t scar bc doesn’t affect dermis

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18
Q

Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

A

Etiology: Onchocera volvulus
Vector: black fly
ROS: intense itching when worm dies and Wolbachia pipientis is released into tissues, nodules where adult worms gather, heals w/ discoloration of skin, fever w/ myalgia/arthralgia, wt loss, keratitis, uveitis, retinitis, optic neuritis
Complication: blindness, wrinkled skin from long-term infection

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19
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

Etiology: Ancylostoma braziliense
Transmission: skin penetration
Pathogenesis: eggs hats, then filariform larva penetrate skin
ROS: creeping eruption, serpiginous erythematous tracking in skin assoc w/ intense itchiness (you can see the gross worm under the skin)

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20
Q

Non-bullous Impetigo

A

Most common
Etiology: S. aureus
Pathology: TA adhesions (fibronectin-binding proteins) require epithelial receptor fibronectin for attachment/colonization

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21
Q

Cellulitis/Erysipelas in child < 6yo?

A

H. Influenza

22
Q

Post-streptococcal sequelae

A
  • Post-strep Glomerulonephritis (s/p impetigo or pharyngitis)
  • Rheumatic Fever (s/p pharyngitis mainly, rarely impetigo)
23
Q

Trichophyton

A

Affects 3 things: skin, hair, nails
Microconidia: birds on a lane
Microconidia: looks like a caterpillar

24
Q

What is Roseola Infantum?

A

6th disease, Exanthem Subitum, HHV-6

25
Q

Bullous Impetigo

A

Etiology: S. aureus Group II Type 71
Pathology: Exfoliatins degrade desmoglein-1 resulting in loss of superficial dermis (lesions occur on intact skin)

26
Q

Secondary skin infection

A

Occur in skin that’s already diseased (can have multiple organisms)
*overgrowth of resident flora

27
Q

Smallpox

A

Family: Poxviridae
Pathogenesis: variola major is highly virulent, causes toxemia, shock and DIC
ROS: flu-like sx’s w/ synchronous eruptive pustules (centripetal spread) start on mouth and spread everywhere
Prevention: Jennerian vaccine

28
Q

Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor

A

Etiology: Melassazia furfur
Risk: sun exposure, hot/humid climates (+ immunosuppression)
ROS: hypo- and hyper- pigmentation on chest/back
Tx: selenium sulfide shampoo

29
Q

HFMD

A

Etiology: Coxsackie A16 (and A6)
Transmission: fecal-oral and droplets
Epidemiology: children in the summer
ROS: maculopaular/vesicular rash on hands/feet and oral enanthems + prodrome of fatigue/ST/fever

30
Q

Ecthyma

A

Etiology: B-hemolytic Streptococcus
Pathology: when impetigo goes to dermis

31
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

A

*Aka Fifth Dz
Family: Parvoviridae
Pathogenesis: binds P ag on erythrocyte precursors
ROS: slapped cheek rash, lacy red rash, arthritis in adults
Complication: hydrops fetalis,

32
Q

Measles

A

*Aka Rubeola
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Pathogenesis: syncytia formation, F protein and Hemagglutinin, infects CD150+ lymphocytes and CD46+ cells
ROS: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, centripetal rash, Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
Complication: SSPE (years later, pt not infectious)

33
Q

Chickenpox

A

Family: Herpesviridae (HHV-3 aka VZV)
ROS: asynchronous pustules w/ centrifugal spread
*TORCH infection
Complication: Shingles bc reactivation in DRG

34
Q

Condylomata lata

A

Caused by Treponema pallidum (highly infectious)

35
Q

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Etiology: Leishmania (tropicana, mexicana, braziliensis)
Vector: sandfly
Dx: amastagoets w/in macrophages

36
Q

Mansonellosis

A

Etiology: Mansonella streptocerca (M for Moses)
ROS: chronic papular lesions w/ post-inflammatory hyperpigmentatin
Complication: Lichenification (thickened/leathery skin)
Dx: microfilirae in blood w/ classic hook @ end of worm (“walking stick” shape to tail)

37
Q

Flaggrin genotype

A

Predisposes individual to skin infections

38
Q

Roseola Infantum

A

*Aka 6th Dz (Exanthem Subitum)
Family: Herpes (HHV-6)
Pathogenesis: tropism for CD4+ T-cells, CD46+ cells
ROS: centrifugal rash (spares face), febrile sz s/p rash

39
Q

Sporotrichosis (Rose Gardner’s Dz)

A

Etiology: Sporothrix stencil
Transmission: penetration by rose thorn
ROS: small red pustule then ascending lymphangitis, distal lesions ulcerated and drain
Dx: “cigar-shaped” yeast (aka thin branched hyphae), “flowerette” mold phase

40
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Morphology: “boxcar” rods, double zone of hemolysis, egg yolk agar (EYA), Nagler +ve, spore forming
Pathogenesis: lecithinase - degrades membranes, causes RBC lysis and decreases blood supply to tissues
*spores germinate in anaerobic conditions releasing toxins causing gas gangrene

41
Q

CA-MRSA

A

PVL toxin (USA300 and USA400 type)

42
Q

Primary skin infection

A

Caused by single pathogen and affects NORMAL skin

43
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Family: Poxvirus
ROS: non-painful dome-shaped lesion w/ dimpled center (flesh colored w/ pearly appearance
*if diffuse suggests HIV
Diagnosis: molluscum bodies in epidermis (Lg cells w/ eosinophilic inclusions and small peripheral nucleus)

44
Q

Erysipelas

A

Infection of upper dermis and superficial lymph
Prevalence: young children and elderly
ROS: raised plaques w/ well-defined borders

45
Q

Black Piedra

A

Etiology: Piedraia hostage or Trichosporon
Epidemiology: humid tropical areas
Transmission: person-to-person
Pathogenesis: ascostroma are fruiting bodies, then ascospores released
ROS: superficial fungal infection of hair shaft
Tx: shave infected hair

46
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of hypodermis and subcutaneous fat
Etiology: β-hemolytic Strep, S. aureus
ROS: ill-defined borders that expand rapidly, accompanied by lymphangitis (streaking), usually on extremities
Prevention: NOT contagious

47
Q

Cellulitis/Erysipelas in pt w/ exposure to freshwater/seawater

A

Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophil

48
Q

Herpangina

A

Etiology: Coxsackie A (picorna)
Transmission: fecal-oral or droplets
Epidemiology: children in summertime
ROS: painful ulcerative oral enanthem, vesicles on soft palate, erythematous pharyngitis, fever, malaise, ST (cervical lymphadenopathy sometimes)

49
Q

HA-MRSA

A

USA100, USA500, USA800

Resistant to almost all abx, no PVL toxin

50
Q

B. anthracis virulence factors

A

.

51
Q

B. anthracis Clinical Manifestations

A

.

Microbiology (14 decks)

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