Skin infections (viral, fungi & mite)

Question 1

What does HSV stand for?

Answer 1

Herpes simplex virus !

Question 2

What are the eight variants of human herpes viruses and what kind of viruses are they (DNA or RNA?)

Answer 2

HHV 1 - HSV type 1
HHV 2 - HSV type 2
HHV 3 - VZV
HHV 4 - EBV
HHV 5 - CMV
HHV 6 - Roseola virus 
HHV 7 - HHV 7 (same name)
HHV 8 - Kaposi Sarcoma 

DNA VIRUSES

Question 3

Which cells do HSV type 1, 2 and varicella zoster virus target?

Answer 3

Mucoepithelial cells

Question 4

Which two HHVs target lymphocytes and what are the other names for these viruses?

Answer 4

HHV 6 and HHV 8
HHV 6 - Roseola virus
HHV 8 - Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 5

Which HHV targets B cells and what is its name?

Answer 5

EBV (HHV 4)

Question 6

Which HHV targets T cells and what disease does it cause?

Answer 6

HHV 7 - causes Piryriasis rosea

Question 7

Which HHV targets monocytes and epithelial cells and what diseases does it cause?

Answer 7

HHV 5 - CMV
Infectious mononucleosis like syndrome
Retinitis

Question 8

What is the is the site of latency of EBV and KS?

Answer 8

B cells

Question 9

What is the site of latency for CMV, roseola and HHV7?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes

Question 10

What is the site of latency for HSV 1, 2 and VZV?

Answer 10

Neuron

Question 11

What disease do HSV 1 and 2 cause?

Answer 11

Type 1 - oral herpes

Type 2 - genital herpes

Question 12

What are the clinical presentations of type 1 and 2 herpes simplex viruses?

Answer 12

Vesicular rash (2w)
Eczema herpeticum
Herpes encephalitis

Question 13

What do you call the first presentation of type 1 herpes and what does it look like?

Answer 13

Stomatitis - inflamed, reddish lips

Question 14

How do you diagnose herpes simplex?

Answer 14

Take a swab and do PCR

Question 15

What is the treatment for herpes simplex?

Answer 15

Acyclovir

Question 16

What are the symptoms of varicella zoster virus?

Answer 16

Malaise
Fever
Sore throat
Vesicular rash

Question 17

Where do the rashes concentrate in varicella?

Answer 17

Face - esp in mouth
Necks
Trunk

Question 18

What can chicken pox cause in older people??

Answer 18

Pneumonia
Coma
Blindness
Chronic facial pain

Question 19

What are the two types of superficial skin fungal infections?

Answer 19

Dermatophytes (fungi)

Yeasts (also fungi)

Question 20

What are dermatophytes attracted to and where do they common infect the skin?

Answer 20

Keratin e.g. in skin, hair and nails

Question 21

Where are yeasts attracted to and where do they common infect the skin?

Answer 21

Moist conditions e.g. body folds

Question 22

What do you call tinea infections of the nail?

Answer 22

Tinea unguium

Question 23

What do you call tinea infections of the scalp and who does this commonly affect?

Answer 23

Tinea capitis - PRE pubertal children

Question 24

What is the most common fungus which causes tinea unguium and capitis?

Answer 24

Trichophyton rubrum

Question 25

What do you call a localised mass of pustules on the scalp, caused by a fungal infection?

Answer 25

Kerion

Question 26

Who is most susceptible to kerions and widespread scalp fungal infections?

Answer 26

Afro-carribean children

Question 27

What is tinea manuum?

Answer 27

Fungal infections of the hands

Question 28

What typically causes tinea manuum?

Answer 28

Contact with pets who have fungal infections

Question 29

What do you call fungal infections of the foot?

Answer 29

Tinea pedis

Question 30

What do you call fungal infections of the groin?

Answer 30

Tinea cruris

Question 31

In men with tinea cruris, which part of their genitals is typically NOT affected?

Answer 31

Scrotum

Question 32

What do you call tinea of the face?

Answer 32

Tinea facei

Question 33

What do candida infections look like?

Answer 33

Red, inflamed, red dots surrounding the areas (satellite lesions)

Question 34

Name a common cause of yeast infections and what do you call it when this infects the skin?

Answer 34

Candida albicans; causes candida intertrigo

Question 35

How are fungal infections diagnosed?

Answer 35

Scrapings, clippings or pluckings of hair | Culture or PCR

Question 36

How do you treat fungal infections of the skin?

Answer 36

Terbinafine cream

Question 37

How do you treat fungal infections of the scalp and nails?

Answer 37

Terbinafine tablets

Question 38

Name two creams used to treat candida intertrigo

Answer 38

Clotrimazole (anti-yeast) | Canesten (also an antifungal)

Question 39

Name a mite that causes skin infections

Answer 39

Scabies

Question 40

What is another name for scabies?

Answer 40

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 41

How do scabies cause skin infections?

Answer 41

The female mite burrows into the stratum corneum of the epidermis

Question 42

Where are the sites of the burrows?

Answer 42

Finger webs Toe webs Around genital areas Axillary

Question 43

How do these burrows appear?

Answer 43

4-5mm long squiggly line with a black dot at the end (the mite)

Question 44

What are the symptoms of scabies and their time frame?

Answer 44

Initially asymptomatic | After 4 weeks: immune reaction causing eczematous rash

Question 45

What is the treatment for scabies?

Answer 45

Permethrin insecticide cream Ivermectin tablet

Question 46

How is scabies transmitted?

Answer 46

Skin to skin contact (requires many minutes of contact to transmit the mite)

Question 47

What can develop secondary to untreated scabies? Give an example, its consequence and significance in the 'third' world?

Answer 47

Secondary bacterial infections e.g. streptococcus causing glomerulonephritis - most common cause of kidney failure in the third world!