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Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Compare ectoparasites and endoparasites

A

Ectoparasites - exist on surface of hosts

Endoparasites - exist IN hosts

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2
Q

Give two categories of endoparasites

A

Protazoa

Metazoa

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3
Q

Compare protozoa and metazoa

A

Protozoa - unicellular
Metazoa - multicellular
Protozoa - no eosinophilia
Metazoa - eosinophilia if there’s blood invasion

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4
Q

What’s another name for metazoan?

A

Helminths

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5
Q

Give four subtypes of protozoa

A

Amoeba
Coccidia
Flagellates
Cilliates

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6
Q

Give an example of amoeba and its main symptom

A

E. histoLYTICA - infective diarrhoea

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7
Q

Give three examples of coccidia

A

Plasmodium - malaria
Cryptosporidium - D&V
Toxoplasma - fever, sore throat

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A 
Fever
Headache
Chills
Vomiting 
Muscle pain 
Paroxysm
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9
Q

What are the complications of malaria?

A

Severe anaemia
Seizures
Coma (swelling of brain)

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10
Q

What are the complications of toxoplasma and when is it particularly dangerous?

A

Brain lesions
Pneumonitis
Retinochoroiditis
CNS disease

Dangerous is pregnancy and immunocompromised people

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidium?

A

D&V

Fever

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12
Q

In which group of patients is cryptosporidium more common?

A

HIV patients

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13
Q

Give an example of ciliates

A

Balantidium coli

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14
Q

Give the symptoms of ciliate infections and which group of patients these are present in.

A 
Normally asymptomatic 
In immunocompromised people: 
D&V
Abdo pain 
Weight loss 
Perforation of colon!
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15
Q

Give examples of flagellates

A

Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas
Leishmania
Trypanosoma

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16
Q

Which flagellate is transmitted sexually and what are the symptoms common to both males and females?

A

Trichomonas
Discharge
Dysuria

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17
Q

What are the female symptoms of trichomonas?

A

Offensive odour
Vulval itching
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria

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18
Q

What are the complications of trichomonas infection for the fetus?

A

Preterm delivery

Low birth weight

19
Q

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

A

Diarrhoea
Greasy floating stools
Abdo cramps
Dehydration

20
Q

What are the two types of leishmania?

A

Visceral

Cutaneous

21
Q

Give three examples of helminths

A

Roundworms
Flatworms
Flukes

22
Q

What is another name for roundworms?

23
Q

What is another name for flatworms?

24
Q

What is another name for flukes?

A

Trematodes

25
Give five examples of nematodes (roundworms)
``` Ascaris lumbricoides Hookworm Filaria Strongyloides Whipworm ```
26
What are the symptoms of ascariasis?
Often asymptomatic Can cause abdo pain Intestinal obstruction
27
What can result from the migration of larvae from Ascaris lumbricoides?
Loeffler's pneumonia (pools of blood and dead epithelial cells clog air spaces in lungs)
28
What are the main symptoms of the hookworm?
Iron deficiency anaemia (as they attach to the intestinal wall and cause blood loss). Cardiac complications GI/nutritional/metabolic symptoms Skin manifestations (ground itch) Respiratory symptoms (migration of larvae)
29
What is the technical term for hookworm?
Ancylostoma duodenale
30
What is the technical term for whipworm?
Trichuris trichiura
31
What symptoms are caused by trichuris trichiura?
Bloody diarrhoea Anaemia Inflammation of the gut wall Rectal prolapse
32
What is the main symptom of lymphatic filariasis?
Elephantiasis
33
Name a type of filaria that causes eye infections
Loa loa (loaiasis)
34
Name a type of tapeworm
Taenia
35
What are the symptoms of taenia infection?
``` Asymptomatic But can cause digestive problems e.g. Abdo pain Loss of appetite Weight loss Upset stomach ```
36
What is the most visible sign of taenia?
Active passing of the tapeworm segments
37
Which species of taenia causes more symptoms?
T. saginata>T. solium or T. asiatica
38
What is a complication of T. solium?
Cysticercosis; commones cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide
39
Name a type of trematode
Schistosoma
40
What are the symptoms of schistosoma?
Mostly asymptomatic but can have symptoms. Within days: Rash Itchy skin ``` Within 1-2 months: Fever Chills Cough Muscle achess ```
41
What are the consequences of repeated exposure to schistosoma?
Anaemia Malnutrition Learning difficulties Damage to liver, intestine, lungs and bladder
42
Name four ectoparasites
Sarcoptes scabei Pediculus humanus capitis Pediculus humanus corporis Pthirus pubis
43
What is the diagnostic appearance of scabies?
Rash | Presence of burrows

Microbiology (8 decks)

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