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Microbiology > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compare ectoparasites and endoparasites

A

Ectoparasites - exist on surface of hosts

Endoparasites - exist IN hosts

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2
Q

Give two categories of endoparasites

A

Protazoa

Metazoa

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3
Q

Compare protozoa and metazoa

A

Protozoa - unicellular
Metazoa - multicellular
Protozoa - no eosinophilia
Metazoa - eosinophilia if there’s blood invasion

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4
Q

What’s another name for metazoan?

A

Helminths

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5
Q

Give four subtypes of protozoa

A

Amoeba
Coccidia
Flagellates
Cilliates

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6
Q

Give an example of amoeba and its main symptom

A

E. histoLYTICA - infective diarrhoea

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7
Q

Give three examples of coccidia

A

Plasmodium - malaria
Cryptosporidium - D&V
Toxoplasma - fever, sore throat

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A 
Fever
Headache
Chills
Vomiting 
Muscle pain 
Paroxysm
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9
Q

What are the complications of malaria?

A

Severe anaemia
Seizures
Coma (swelling of brain)

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10
Q

What are the complications of toxoplasma and when is it particularly dangerous?

A

Brain lesions
Pneumonitis
Retinochoroiditis
CNS disease

Dangerous is pregnancy and immunocompromised people

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidium?

A

D&V

Fever

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12
Q

In which group of patients is cryptosporidium more common?

A

HIV patients

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13
Q

Give an example of ciliates

A

Balantidium coli

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14
Q

Give the symptoms of ciliate infections and which group of patients these are present in.

A 
Normally asymptomatic 
In immunocompromised people: 
D&V
Abdo pain 
Weight loss 
Perforation of colon!
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15
Q

Give examples of flagellates

A

Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas
Leishmania
Trypanosoma

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16
Q

Which flagellate is transmitted sexually and what are the symptoms common to both males and females?

A

Trichomonas
Discharge
Dysuria

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17
Q

What are the female symptoms of trichomonas?

A

Offensive odour
Vulval itching
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria

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18
Q

What are the complications of trichomonas infection for the fetus?

A

Preterm delivery

Low birth weight

19
Q

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

A

Diarrhoea
Greasy floating stools
Abdo cramps
Dehydration

20
Q

What are the two types of leishmania?

A

Visceral

Cutaneous

21
Q

Give three examples of helminths

A

Roundworms
Flatworms
Flukes

22
Q

What is another name for roundworms?

A

Nematodes

23
Q

What is another name for flatworms?

A

Cestodes

24
Q

What is another name for flukes?

A

Trematodes

25
Q

Give five examples of nematodes (roundworms)

A 
Ascaris lumbricoides
Hookworm 
Filaria 
Strongyloides 
Whipworm
26
Q

What are the symptoms of ascariasis?

A

Often asymptomatic
Can cause abdo pain
Intestinal obstruction

27
Q

What can result from the migration of larvae from Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Loeffler’s pneumonia (pools of blood and dead epithelial cells clog air spaces in lungs)

28
Q

What are the main symptoms of the hookworm?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia (as they attach to the intestinal wall and cause blood loss).
Cardiac complications
GI/nutritional/metabolic symptoms
Skin manifestations (ground itch)
Respiratory symptoms (migration of larvae)

29
Q

What is the technical term for hookworm?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

30
Q

What is the technical term for whipworm?

A

Trichuris trichiura

31
Q

What symptoms are caused by trichuris trichiura?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Anaemia
Inflammation of the gut wall
Rectal prolapse

32
Q

What is the main symptom of lymphatic filariasis?

A

Elephantiasis

33
Q

Name a type of filaria that causes eye infections

A

Loa loa (loaiasis)

34
Q

Name a type of tapeworm

A

Taenia

35
Q

What are the symptoms of taenia infection?

A 
Asymptomatic 
But can cause digestive problems e.g. 
Abdo pain 
Loss of appetite 
Weight loss
Upset stomach
36
Q

What is the most visible sign of taenia?

A

Active passing of the tapeworm segments

37
Q

Which species of taenia causes more symptoms?

A

T. saginata>T. solium or T. asiatica

38
Q

What is a complication of T. solium?

A

Cysticercosis; commones cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide

39
Q

Name a type of trematode

A

Schistosoma

40
Q

What are the symptoms of schistosoma?

A

Mostly asymptomatic but can have symptoms.

Within days:
Rash
Itchy skin

Within 1-2 months: 
Fever
Chills
Cough
Muscle achess
41
Q

What are the consequences of repeated exposure to schistosoma?

A

Anaemia
Malnutrition
Learning difficulties
Damage to liver, intestine, lungs and bladder

42
Q

Name four ectoparasites

A

Sarcoptes scabei
Pediculus humanus capitis
Pediculus humanus corporis
Pthirus pubis

43
Q

What is the diagnostic appearance of scabies?

A

Rash

Presence of burrows

Microbiology (8 decks)

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