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Microbiology > Community Acquired Infections > Flashcards

Community Acquired Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List six categories of communicable diseases

A 
Respiratory tract infections
STDs
Vaccine-preventable
Resistant and hospital acquired infections 
Emerging and vector borne
Food+water borne, and zoonoses
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2
Q

List 5 respiratory tract infections

A 
Influenza
Animal influenzas
TB
SARS
Legionnaire's disease
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3
Q

Which bacterium causes legionnaire’s disease and how is this transmitted?

A

Legionella pneumophila

Transmitted via aerosols/ breathing in water droplets

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4
Q

Is legionella gram positive or negative?

A

LegioNella is Gram NEGATIVE

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5
Q

What virulence factors does legionella employ and what is the consequence?

A

Type 4 secretion systems, allow legionella to replicate inside a legionella-containing-vacuole LCV

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6
Q

Is TB gram positive or negative?

A

TB is Gram posiTive

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7
Q

What is the difference between gram negative and gram positive bacteria?

A

Gram Positive bacteria stain Purple because their lack of outer membrane means they retain the stain.

Gram +ve have peptidoglycan cell walls

Gram -ve have a cell wall surrounding their peptidoglycan layer

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8
Q

Why is TB hard to treat?

A

It has an extra lipid layer within its cell wall, and it can enter dormant states.

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9
Q

List 6 STDs

A 
Chlamydia 
Syphilis
HIV
Gonorrhoea 
Hep B
Hep C
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10
Q

Which bacterium causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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11
Q

Which bacterium causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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12
Q

Which bacterium causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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13
Q

Name 3 gram negative STDs

A

Chylamdia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Treponema pallidum

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14
Q

What is the most common STI in Europe and what can this cause?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Can cause eye infections

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15
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea interacts with which cells?

A

Interacts with non-ciliated epithelial cells in urogenital tract

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16
Q

Name 4 important virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Escapes detection
Escapes immune clearance
Pili
Antigenic variation

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17
Q

Name three important food and water borne diseases and state their gram staining and what they cause

A 
Campylobacter jejuni (campylobacteriosis)
Salmonella species (salmonellosis)
Vibrio cholerae (cholera)

All three are gram negative

18
Q

Who is at highest risk of campylobacter and what does it cause and what is the mode of transmission?

A

Children 0-4yo
Infectious GI disease
Via undercooked poultry

19
Q

Name 4 virulence factors for campylobacter species

A

Flagella
T4 secretion system
Toxin
Adhesion and invasion factors

20
Q

Which secretion system does salmonella use and what is this encoded on?

A

Type 3 secretion systems, encoded on pathogenicity islands (SPI)

21
Q

What is SPI 1 required for in salmonella?

A

SP1 is required for invasion

22
Q

What is SPI 2 required for in salmonella?

A

SP2 is required for intracellular accumulation

23
Q

List two virulence factors of Vibrio cholera and what they are encoded on

A

Type 4 fimbria
Cholera toxin

Carried on phages

24
Q

List a food and water borne bacterium which immunocompromised people are particularly susceptible to

A

Listeria monocytogenes

25
Q

List three groups of people at risk of listeria monocytogenes?

A

Elderly people
Pregnant ladies and their fetus
Immunocompromised people

26
Q

Which cells does listeria enter?

A

Non-phagocytic cells

27
Q

Which three tight barriers can listeria cross?

A

Intestinal barrier
BBB
Maternal/foetal barrier

28
Q

List some emerging and vector borne diseases

A 
Malaria
Plague
Smallpox
Viral haemorrhagic fever
West Nile fever
Yellow fever 
SARS
Q fever
29
Q

List two gram negative emerging and vector borne diseases

A 
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)
30
Q

Which organism causes Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetti

31
Q

Which organism causes plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

32
Q

List three gram positive vaccine preventable diseases

A

Diphtheria
Invasive pneumococcal disease
Tetanus

33
Q

What causes diphtheria?

A

Clostridium diphtheriae

34
Q

What causes invasive pneumococcal disease?

A

Strep pneumoniae

35
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

36
Q

List three gram negative vaccine preventable diseases

A

Invasive haemophilus influenzae
Invasive meningococcal disease
Pertussis

37
Q

What causes invasive meningococcal disease?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

38
Q

What causes pertussis ?

A

Bordetella pertussis

39
Q

List some other vaccine preventable diseases

A 
Measles 
Mumps
Rubella
Polio
Rabies
40
Q

Name two totally eliminated diseases due to vaccines

A

Smallpox

Poliomyelitis

Microbiology (8 decks)

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