Skin in systemic disease

Question 1

Plaques which start as violaceous, then atrophy to become brown/yellow, seen in about 0.3% of diabetics

Answer 1

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Question 2

What infections are people with diabetes prone to?

Answer 2

Candida

Staph

Question 3

Brown atrophic lesions seen in around 50% type 1 diabetics?

Answer 3

Diabetic dermopathy

Question 4

Dark, thickened velvety skin in flexural (e.g. axillae, groin) areas?

Answer 4

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 5

Causes of acanthosis nigricans? (2)

Answer 5

Diabetes and metabolic syndrome

GI and GU malignancy

Question 6

Aetiological factors in diabetic foot ulcers? (3)

Answer 6

Nephropathy, small vessel angiopathy, dyfunction of phagocytes

Question 7

Skin signs/symptoms in hyperthyroidism? (6)

Answer 7

Facial flushing
Palmar erythema
Diffuse alopecia
Pruritus
Urticaria
Pretibial myxoedema

Question 8

Skin signs of hypothyroidism? (3)

Answer 8

Peri-orbital oedema
Facial puffiness
Dry, coarse hair and skin

Question 9

Skin signs of SLE (3)

Answer 9

Butteryfly rash
Photosensitivite rash
Prominent nail fold capillaries

Question 10

Gottron’s papules, photosensitivity and purple heliotrope rash?

Answer 10

Dermatomyositis

Question 11

Skin features in systemic sclerosis? (5)

Answer 11

Pinched mouth
Beaked nose
Sclerodactyly
Raynaud's phenomenon
Periungal telangiectasia

Question 12

What is Paget’s disease of the nipple?

Answer 12

Extension of underlying ductal adenocarcinoma to nipple- presents almost like eczema of the nipple

Question 13

Skin conditions associated with HIV infection (4)

Answer 13

Infections e.g. candida, herpes, staph
Seborrheoic dermatitis
Kaposi sarcoma
Dry skin/pruritus

Question 14

Mottled/reticulate pattern of cyanotic capillaries, exacerbated by cold and relieved by heat

Answer 14

Livedo reticularis

Question 15

What are the secondary causes of livedo reticularis? (3)

Answer 15

Vasculitis, connective tissue disease
Hyperviscosity
Atherosclerosis
(many more)