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Sir Wilton Midterm > Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

1
Q

It is a physical barrier that protects the underlying tissues and organs from microorganisms, physical trauma, and dehydration?

A

Skin

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2
Q

Layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue

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3
Q

Distinct layers of epidermis?

A

*stratum corneum
*stratum lucidum
*stratum granulosum
*stratum germinativum

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4
Q

Connects the dermis to the epidermis?

A

Dermal Papillae

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5
Q

Are attached to the hair follicles and therefore are present over most of the body?

A

Sebaceous glands

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6
Q

Two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands

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7
Q

This type of sweat gland is located over the entire skin?

A

Eccrine Glands

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8
Q

Are associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and are usually of the breasts?

A

Apocrine

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9
Q

A loose connective tissue containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves and the remaining portions of the sweat glands?

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

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10
Q

Two types of hair?

A

Vellus
Terminal

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11
Q

Is short, pale, fine, and present over much of the body?

A

Vellus Hair

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12
Q

Is longer, generally darker, and coarser than vellus hair?

A

Terminal Hair

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13
Q

Hair develops within a sheath of epidermal cells called ____?

A

Hair Follicle

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14
Q

Extends over the entire nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels underneath?

A

Nail body

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15
Q

Is a crescent shaped area located at the base of the nail?

A

Lunula

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16
Q

The conditions that are more common in darker skin are?

A

postinflammatory hyperpigmentation,
vitiligo,
pityriasis alba,
dry or ashy skin

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17
Q

Characteristics of cancerous lessions?

A

Asymmetry
Irregular borders
Color variations
Diameter greater than 1/4 in or 6 mm
Evolving or changing over time

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18
Q

Suggestive of underlying illness?

A

Pallor
Cyanosis
Jaundice

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19
Q

May be seen with dry skin, aging, drug reaction, allergies, lice, tinea, insect bites, uremia, or obstructive jaundice?

A

Pruritus

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20
Q

abnormal sensations of tingling breaking or burning are referred to as______?

A

Paresthesia

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21
Q

Numbness or darling of the sensations of pain temperature and touch to the feet may be seen in ______?

A

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

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22
Q

Uncontrolled body odor or excessive or insufficient perspiration may indicate an abnormality of the sweat glands or an endocrine problem such as _______?

A

Hypothyroidism &
Hyperthyroidism

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23
Q

Patchy hair loss?

A

Alopacia

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24
Q

Green, black or brown nail discoloration may indicate ____?

A

Bacterial Infection

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25
Q

Yellow, thick, crumbling nails are seen in _______?

A

Fungal Infection

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26
Q

Causes a white color and separation of the nail plate to the nail bed?

A

Yeast infection

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27
Q

Is a type of infection that is resistant to methicillin as well as to many other antibiotics?

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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28
Q

Skin cancers occur in three types:

A

*Melanoma
*Basal Cell Carcinoma
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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29
Q

Is the most common skin cancer in whites?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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30
Q

Most common skin cancer in darker skin?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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31
Q

Cancers that are the most common worldwide and are also increasing in population heavily exposed to sunlight especially in areas of ozone depletion?

A

No melanocyte Skin Cancer

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32
Q

Is the most serious skin cancer?

A

Malignant Melanoma

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33
Q

Are a major cause of morbidity and mortality?

A

Pressure Injuries

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34
Q

Black, brown, or tan tissue that adheres firmly to the wound bed or ulcer edges and maybe either firmer or softer than surrounding skin?

A

4—Necrotic Tissue

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35
Q

Yellow or white tissue that adheres to the ulcer bed in strings or thick clamps or is mucinous?

A

3—Slough

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36
Q

Pink or beefy red tissue with a shiny, moist, granular appearance?

A

2—Granulation Tissue

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37
Q

For superficial ulcers new pink or shiny tissue that grows in from the edges or as islands on the ulcer surface?

A

1—Epithelial Tissue

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38
Q

The wound is completely covered with epithelium?

A

0—Closed/Resurfaced

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39
Q

This refers to the type of tissue that is present in the wound bed?

A

Tissue Type

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40
Q

If there is any necrotic tissue presentis scored as?

A

4

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41
Q

If there is any amount of slough present and necrotic tissue is absentis scored as?

A

3

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42
Q

If the wound is clean and contains granulation tissue is scored as?

A

2

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43
Q

a superficial wound that is re-epthelializing is scored as?

A

1

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44
Q

When the wound is closed is scored as?

A

0

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45
Q

PUSH stand for?

A

Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing

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46
Q

Is seen in arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia?

A

Pallor

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47
Q

May cause white skin to appear blue tinged, especially in the perioral, nailbed, and conjunctival areas?

A

Cyanosis

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48
Q

Two types of cyanosis?

A

Peripheral and Central cyanosis

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49
Q

Results from a cardiopulmonary problem?

A

Central Cyanosis

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50
Q

May be a local problem resulting from vasoconstriction?

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

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51
Q

Is characterized by yellow skin tones ranging from pale to pumpkin particularly of the sclera oral mucosa, palms and soles?

A

Jaundice

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52
Q

Is velvety darkening of skin in body folds and greases especially the neck, groin, and axilla?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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53
Q

Reddish or darkened butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks?

A

Malar Rash

54
Q

Is seen in inflammation, allergic reaction, or trauma?

A

Erythema

55
Q

Lession Distribution?

A

Diffuse (scattered all over)
Localized or Sun-exposed

56
Q

Lession Configuration?

A

*Discrete (Separate and Distinct)
*Grouped (Clustered)
*Confluent (Merged)
*Linear (In a line)
*Annular and arciform(Circular or Arcing)
*Zosteriform (linear along a nerve route)

57
Q

Blue - Green fluorescence indicates?

A

Fungal Infection

58
Q

Skin texture abnormal findings?

A

*Rough
*Flaky
*Dry Skin

59
Q

Rough, flaky, and dry skin is seen in?

A

Hypothyroidism

60
Q

Excessive scaliness may indicate _____?

A

Dermatitis

61
Q

Pustules with hair loss in patches are seen in ______?

A

Tinea capitis

62
Q

Infection of the hair follicle?

A

Folliculitis

63
Q

Facial hair on females?

A

Hirsutism

64
Q

Is a characteristic of cushing disease and polycystic ovary syndrome and results from imbalance of adrenal hormones or it may be a side effect of steroids?

A

Hirsutism

65
Q

180-degree angle with a spongy sensation?

A

Early Clubbing

66
Q

Greater than 180-degree angle nail shape?

A

Late clubbing

67
Q

May be present with iron deficiency anemia?

A

Spoon Nails

68
Q

Thickened nails may be caused by decreased circulation and are also seen in ____?

A

Onychomycosis

69
Q

Inflammation indicates local infection of the tissue surrounding the nails?

A

Paronychia

70
Q

Detachment of nail plate from nail bed is seen in infection or trauma?

A

Onycholysis

71
Q

there is a slow capillary nail bed refill with respiratory or cardiovascular disease that cause ____?

A

Hypoxia

72
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. It always burns and it is pale, red hair, and frickle?

A

Type 1

73
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Usually burns, sometimes tans. With fair skin?

A

Type II

74
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. May burns, usually tans. Darker skin?

A

Type III

75
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Rarely burns, always tan. Mediterranean?

A

Type IV

76
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Moderate constitution pigmentation. Latin American, middle east?

A

Type V

77
Q

Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Marked constitutional pigmentation. Black?

A

Type VI

78
Q

Flat, small macules of pigment that appear following sun exposure?

A

Freckles

79
Q

Depigmentation of the skin?

A

Vitiligo

80
Q

Sometimes called stretch marks?

A

Striae

81
Q

A warty or crusty pigmented skin?

A

Seborrheic Wart

82
Q

A flat or raised tan/brownish making up 6 mm wide?

A

Mole/nevus

83
Q

Raised papule with a depressed center?

A

Cutaneous tag

84
Q

A well-circumscribed, hyperkeratotic lesion with a height that is more than half of the diameter of its base?

A

Cutaneous horn

85
Q

Small raised spots typically seen with aging?

A

Cherry angiomas

86
Q

Common hair disorders?

A

*Traction Alopacia
*Alopacia Totalis

87
Q

Stages of pressure injury?

A

Stage 1: Non-blanching Erythema Of Intact Skin.

Stage 2: Partial-thickness Skin Loss With Exposed Dermis

Stage 3: Full-Thickness Skin Loss

Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin and Tissue Loss

88
Q

Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change?

A

Macule and Patch

89
Q

Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid?

A

Vesicle and Bulla

90
Q

Elevated, palpable, solid mass?

A

Papule and Plaque

91
Q

Elevated mass with transient borders that are often irregular?

A

Wheal

92
Q

Elevated, solid, palpable mass that extends deeper into dermis than a papule?

A

Nodule and tumor

93
Q

Primary Skin Lesions?

A

*Macule and Patch
*Vesicle and Bulla
*Papule and Plaque
*Wheal
*Nodule
*Wheal
*Pustule
*Cyst

94
Q

Pus-filled vesicle or bulla?

A

Pustule

95
Q

Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis?

A

Cyst

96
Q

Secondary skin lesions?

A

*Erosion
*Scar
*Ulcer
*Fissure

97
Q

Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis?

A

Erosion

98
Q

Skin loss extending past epidermis with necrotic tissue loss?

A

Ulcer

99
Q

Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue?

A

Scar

100
Q

Linear crack in the skin that may extend to the dermis and may be painful?

A

Fissure

101
Q

Vascular skin lesions?

A

*Petechiae
*Ecchymosis
*Hematoma
*Cherry angioma
*Spider angioma
*Telangiectasia

102
Q

Round red or purple that is 1 to 2 mm in size. It is a secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies?

A

Petechiae

103
Q

Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies?

A

Ecchymosis

104
Q

A localized collection of blood creative elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma?

A

Hematoma

105
Q

Papular and round red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure. It is a normal age related skin alteration and usually not clinically significant?

A

Cherry Angioma

106
Q

Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. It is usually noted on the face neck arms and trunk. It is rare below the waist?

A

Spider angioma

107
Q

Bluish or.res lesion with varying shape found on the legs and anterior chest?

A

Telangiectasia

108
Q

Used to detect signs of skin cancer?

A

ABCDE

109
Q

ABCDE stands for?

A

Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Elevated

110
Q

Configuration of skin lesions?

A

Linear
Annular
Clustered
Discrete
Nummular
Confluent

111
Q

Straight line, as in a scratch or streak. An example is dermatographism?

A

Linear Configuration

112
Q

Circular lesion. Example is tinea corporis?

A

Annular Configuration

113
Q

Lesion grouped together. An example is herpes complex?

A

Clustered Configuration

114
Q

Individual and distict lesion. An example is a multiple nevi?

A

Discrete Configuration

115
Q

Coin-shaped lesions. An example is nummular eczema?

A

Nummular Configuration

116
Q

Smaller lesions run together to form larger lesion. An example is tinea versicolor?

A

Confluent Configuration

117
Q

Common nail disorders?

A

*Longitudinal Ridging
*Half-and-half nails
*Pitting
*Koilonychia
*Yellow nail syndrome
*Paronychia

118
Q

Parallel ridges running lengthwise. May be seen in the elderly and some young people with no known etiology?

A

Longitudinal Ridging

119
Q

Nails that are white on the upper proximal half and pink on the distal half. May be seen in chronic renal disease?

A

Half-and-half Nails

120
Q

Seen with psoriasis?

A

Pitting

121
Q

Spoon-shaped nails that may be seen with trauma to cuticles or nail folds or iin iron deficiency anemia or endocrine or cardiac disease?

A

Koilonychia

122
Q

Yellow nails grow slow and are curved. May be seen in AIDS and respiratory syndrome?

A

Yellow Nail Syndrome

123
Q

Local infection of the nails?

A

Paronychia

124
Q

Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change. Less than 1cm with a circumscribed border?

A

Macule

125
Q

Small, flat, nonpalpable skin change in color. Greater than 1cm, and may have an irregular borders?

A

Patches

126
Q

Elevated, palpable, solid mass. Have a circumscribed border and are less than 0.5 cm?

A

Papule

127
Q

Elevated, palpable, solid mass. Greater than 0.5 cm and may be coalesced papules with flat tops?

A

Plaques

128
Q

Elevated, solid, palpable mass and extends deeper into dermis than papule and are 0.5 to 2 cm and circumscribed?

A

Nodules

129
Q

Elevated, solid, palpable mass and extends deeper into dermis than papule and are greater than 1 to 2 cm and do not always have sharp borders?

A

Tumor

130
Q

Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid and are less than 0.5 cm?

A

Vesicle

131
Q

Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid and are greater than 0.5?

A

Bulla

Sir Wilton Midterm (5 decks)

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