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Sir Wilton Midterm > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Transmits visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation and, in doing so, functions as the organ of vision?

A

Eye

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2
Q

Is located in the eye orbit, a round, bony hollow formed by several different bones of the skull?

A

Eyeball

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3
Q

External Structures of the eye?

A

Eyelids
Eyelashes
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal Apparatus
Extraocular Muscles

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4
Q

Are two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle?

A

Eyelids

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5
Q

Are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids?

A

Eyelashes

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6
Q

Is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into two portions?

A

Conjunctiva

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7
Q

Two portions of conjunctiva?

A

*Palpebral
*Bulbar

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8
Q

Consists of glands and ducts that lubricates the eyes?

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

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9
Q

Are the six muscles attached to the outer surface of the eyeball?

A

Extraocular Muscles

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10
Q

Three cranial nerves responsible for the eyes?

A

Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)

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11
Q

Internal structures of the eye?

A

Eyeball
Iris
Lens
Choroid Layer
Retina
Optic Disk
Retinal Vessel

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12
Q

Is a circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine eye color?

A

Iris

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13
Q

Is a biconcave, transparent, avascular, encapsulated structure located immediately posterior to iris?

A

Lens

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14
Q

Contains the vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eye?

A

Choroid Layer

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15
Q

Extends only to ciliary body anteriorly. It receives visual stimuli and sends it to the brain?

A

Retina

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16
Q

Is a cream-colored, circular area located on the retina toward the medial or nasal side of the eye?

A

Optic Disc

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17
Q

Can be readily viewed with the aid of an ophthalmoscope?

A

Retinal Vessels

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18
Q

Refers to what a person sees with one eye?

A

Visual Fields

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19
Q

Occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses conducted to the brain through optic nerve, and interpreted?

A

Visual Perception

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20
Q

Two types of visual reflexes?

A

Pupillary Light Reflex
Accomodation

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21
Q

Causes pupils to constrict immediately when exposed to bright light?

A

Pupillary Light Reflex

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22
Q

Is a functional reflex allowing the eyes to focus on a near object?

A

Accomodation

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23
Q

Legal blindness visual acuity?

A

20/200

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24
Q

Spots and floaters are common in clients with ____?

A

Myopia

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25
Q

A blind spot?

A

Scotoma

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26
Q

Intermittent blind spots may be associated with vascular spasms?

A

Opthalmic Migraines

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27
Q

Seeing halos around lights is associated with _____?

A

Narrow-Angle Glaucoma

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28
Q

Double vision is called?

A

Diplopia

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29
Q

Excessive tearing?

A

Epiphora

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30
Q

Term used in measuring eye pressure?

A

Tanometry

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31
Q

Macular degeneration test?

A

Amsler Test

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32
Q

Normal eye pressure range?

A

10-21 mmHg

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33
Q

Many eye disorders have familial tendencies, some examples are?

A

Glaucoma
Refraction Errors
Allergies
Macular Degeneration

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34
Q

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation puts the client at risk for the development of ____?

A

Cataracts

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35
Q

Is a group of eye diseases that damages the optic nerve, often caused by abnormally high pressure within the eye?

A

Glaucoma

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36
Q

Two most common glaucoma?

A

Open-angle Glaucoma
Acute-Angle Glaucoma

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37
Q

Is a major cause of visual impairment that affects the macula portion of the retina?

A

AMD

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38
Q

Two types of AMD?

A

Dry
Wet

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39
Q

Which are often preventable, are leading causes of blindness today?

A

Cataracts

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40
Q

Are a clouding of the usually clear lens of the eye?

A

Cataracts

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41
Q

Causes deterioration of the macula portion of the retina?

A

AMD

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42
Q

Used to test distant visual acuity?

A

Snellen Chart

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43
Q

Is a hand-held instrument that allows the examiner to view the fundus of the eye?

A

Ophthalmoscope

44
Q

Impaired far vision?

A

Myopia

45
Q

Impaired near vision?

A

Presbyopia

46
Q

____ is a term used to describe misalignment that occurs only when fusion reflex is blocked?

A

Phoria

47
Q

Is constant malignant of the eye?

A

Strabismus

48
Q

Is a specific type of misalignment?

A

Tropia

49
Q

Is an inward turn of the eye?

A

Esotropia

50
Q

A test that assesses the eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function?

A

Cardinal Fields of Gaze Test

51
Q

An oscillating (shaking) movement of the eye?

A

Nystagmus

52
Q

Drooping of the upper lid?

A

Ptosis

53
Q

An inverted inward lower lid is a condition called?

A

Entropion

54
Q

An inverted outward lower eyelid, results in exposure and drying of conjunctiva?

A

Ectropion

55
Q

Protrusion of the eyeball accompanied by retracted eyelid margins is termed as ____?

A

Exophthalmos

56
Q

Generalized redness of the conjunctiva suggests ____?

A

Conjunctivitis

57
Q

Is a local, noninfectious inflammation of the sclera?

A

Episcleritis

58
Q

Yellow sclera occurs when the client has ______?

A

Jaundice

59
Q

Bright red areas on the sclera indicate a _______?

A

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

60
Q

Can be detected when light directed to the blind eye results in no response in either pupils?

A

Monocular Blindness

61
Q

Swelling of the optic disc?

A

Papilledema

62
Q

Is evidenced by the disc being white in color and lack.of.dic vessels?

A

Optic atrophy

63
Q

Occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of the anterior chamber?

A

Hyphema

64
Q

Isually results from an inflammatory response in which white blood cells accumulate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness in front of the iris?

A

Hyphema

65
Q

Abnormal Findings of Extraocular Muscles?

A

*Strabismus
*Pseudostrabismus
*Esotropia
*Exotropia
*Phoria
*Paralytic Strabismus

66
Q

Constant malalignment of the eye axis?

A

Strabismus

67
Q

Normal in young children the pupils will appear at the inner canthus?

A

Pseudostrabismus

68
Q

Noticeable only with the cover?

A

Phoria

69
Q

Noticable with the position test?

A

Paralytic Strabismus

70
Q

Abnormalities of the external eye?

A

Blepharitis
Chalazion
Conjunctivitis
Diffuse episcleritis
Ectropion
Entropion
Exophthalmos
Hordeolum
Ptsosis
Scleral Jaundice
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

71
Q

Drooping eye?

A

Ptosis

72
Q

Outwardly Turned lower lid?

A

Ectropion

73
Q

Generalized inflammation of the conjunctiva?

A

Conjunctivitis

74
Q

Protruding eyeballs and retracted eyelids?

A

Exophthalmos

75
Q

Infected meibomian gland?

A

Chalazion

76
Q

Stye?

A

Hordeolum

77
Q

Inwardly turned lower eyelid?

A

Entropion

78
Q

Staphylococcal infection of the eyelids?

A

Blepharitis

79
Q

Inflammation of the sclera?

A

Diffuse Scleritis

80
Q

Bright red areas of the sclera?

A

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

81
Q

Abnormalities of the cornea and lens?

A

Corneal Scar
Early Pterygium
Nuclear cataract
Peripheral cataracts

82
Q

Which appears grayish white may be due to inflammation or an old injury?

A

Corneal Scar

83
Q

A thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends across the nasal side?

A

Early Pterygium

84
Q

Appear gray when seen with flashlight; they appear as a black spot against the red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope?

A

Nuclear Cataract

85
Q

Look like grace spokes that point in ward when seen with a flashlight; they look like black spokes that point inward against the red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope?

A

Peripheral Cataracts

86
Q

Abnormalities of Iris and Pupil

A

Close-angle Glaucoma
Narrow-angle Glaucoma
Miosis
Anisocoria
Mydriasis

87
Q

Also known as pinpoint pupils?

A

Miosis

88
Q

Pupils of unequal size?

A

Anisocoria

89
Q

Dilated and fixed pupils typically resulting from central nervous system injury circulatory collapse or deep anesthesia?

A

Mydriasis

90
Q

Abnormal findings of the optic disc?

A

Papilledema
Glaucoma
Optic Atrophy

91
Q

Swollen optic disk?

A

Papilledema

92
Q

Enlarged physiological cup occupying more than half of the disc’s diameter?

A

Glaucoma

93
Q

White optic disc, lack of disc vessel?

A

Optic Atrophy

94
Q

Abnormal findings of the retinal vessels and background?

A

Constricted arteriole
Copper wire arteriole
Silver wire arteriole
Arteriovenous nicking
Arteriovenous tapering
Arteriovenous banking
Cotton wall patches
Hard Exudate
Superficial Retinal Hemorrhage
Deep Retinal Hemorrhage
Microaneurysm

95
Q

Narrowing of the arteriole, occurs with Hypertension?

A

Constricted Arteriole

96
Q

Widening of the light reflex and a coppery color?

A

Copper Wire Arteriole

97
Q

Opaque or silver appears caused by thickening of the Arteriole wall?

A

Silver wire arteriole

98
Q

AV crossing abnormality characterized by vein appearing to stop short on either side of arteriole?

A

Arteriovenous Nicking

99
Q

AV crossing abnormality characterized by vein appearing to taper to a point on either side of arteriole?

A

Arteriovenous Tapering

100
Q

av crossing abnormality characterized by twisting of the vein on the arteriole’s distal side and information of a dark, knuckle+like structure?

A

Arteriovenous Banking

101
Q

Also known as soft exudates?

A

Cotton Wool Patches

102
Q

Solid, smooth surface and well-defined edges?

A

Hard Exudate

103
Q

Appear as small, flame-shaped, linear res streaks on the retinal background?

A

Superficial Retinal Hemorrhage

104
Q

Appear as small, irregular res spots with blurred edges on retinal edges?

A

Deep Retinal Hemorrhage

105
Q

Round, tiny red dots with smooth edges on retinal background?

A

Microaneurysm

Sir Wilton Midterm (5 decks)

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