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SA Micro > Skin, Eye, Ear, Respiratory, GI, Urinary, Repro > Flashcards

Skin, Eye, Ear, Respiratory, GI, Urinary, Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Only Gram negative that is part of normal skin flora?

A

Actinobacter spp.

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2
Q

Most common agent in bacterial pyoderma?

A

Staph pseudintermedius

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3
Q

Which two pathogens are co-infective in ~50% cases of pyoderma?

A

Staph and Malassezia

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4
Q

Normal flora of the conjunctiva include which bacteria?

A 
Staphylococcus
Micrococcus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium
Bacillus spp.
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5
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans can cause what ocular disease in cats and dogs?

A

Chorioretinitis

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6
Q

Common causes of conjunctivitis in dogs?

A

B-hemolytic strep

Coagulase-positive staph

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7
Q

Most common fungal pathogen of cats?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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8
Q

Why should you avoid using repeated, short courses of antibiotics in cats with feline chronic rhinitis/sinusitis?

A

Selects for pseudomonas spp

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9
Q

Factors that contribute to GI antimicrobial defense

A 
Gastric Acidity
Peristalsis
Mucus barrier
Mucosal integrity
Epithelial monolayer
Bacterial interference
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10
Q

Factors that make up immune defense of GI system

A

Passive protection via colostrum

Active immunosurveillance

Common mucosal immune system (GALT, M cells, etc.)

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11
Q

Antimicrobial components of saliva

A 
Ig
Complement
Lysoenzyme
Lactoferrin
Peroxidases
Defensins
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12
Q

Antimicrobial components of intestines

A

Bile salts

Alpha and beta defensins (Paneth cells)

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13
Q

Clinical sign of canine adenovirus 1 (digestive tract)

A

Jaundice

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14
Q

Clinical sign of canine distemper virus (digestive tract)

A

Dental enamel hyperplasia

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15
Q

Clinical sign of canine oral papilloma virus (digestive tract)

A

Oral cavity warts

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16
Q

Which feline viruses are associated with stomatitis?

A

Feline calicivirus
FIV
FeLV

17
Q

Oral granulomas in dogs are associated with which disease?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

18
Q

Staging of periodontal disease

A

Stage 1: gingivitis, but no attachment loss

Stage 2: Early periodontitis, <25% attachment loss

Stage 3 : Moderate periodontitis, 25-50% attachment loss

Stage 4: Advanced periodontitis, > 50% attachment loss

19
Q

T/F? Vaccination decreases viral enteric infection

A

True

20
Q

What factors increase risk of infection with enteric pathogens?

A

Young animals, especially neonates

Housed in close confinement

21
Q

In most cases of diarrhea, a bacterial pathogen is not identified and antibiotics are not necessary. What is an exception to this?

A

Neonates

Neonates will deteriorate rapidly before culture and sensitivity results are available.

22
Q

Why are parenteral antibiotics preferred in septic animals?

A

GI likely altered

23
Q

Marked fluid loss may precede clinical signs of dehydration in which disease?

A

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

24
Q

What are the antimicrobial defenses of the urinary tract?

A

Urine - washes out bacteria

Bacteria interference vis colonization of distal urethra

Glycoprotein layer (mucin)

Epithelial desquamation

Local and systemic immune system

25
Q

What antimicrobial properties does urine have?

A

High osmolality

Urine pH

Specific components with bacteriostatic properties (urea, methionine, hippuric and ascorbic acid, ammonium nitrogen)

26
Q

What makes up the normal flora of the urinary tract?

A

Only normal flora is in distal urethra

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium
Enterococcus

27
Q

Microbial flora of the urinary tract is dynamic. What factors influence this?

A

Hormones

Estrus cycle

Age

Pregnancy status

28
Q

Most common pathogens in mastitis

A

E. Coli

Staph

29
Q

Most common pathogens in metritis

A

E.coli
Strep
Staph
Proteus

30
Q

Treatment for metritis

A

Stabilization (IV fluids, supportive care)
Antibiotics with C and S
Prostaglandin F2a
Ovariohysterectomy

31
Q

Most common pathogens associated with prostatits

A

E. Coli

Mycoplasma

32
Q

Which disease results in immune-mediated pyogranulomas od the kidney?

A

FIP

33
Q

Which disease is associated with immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, fetal absorption, and renal lymphoma?

A

FeLV

34
Q

Canine urogenital pathogens

A 
Canine adenovirus 1
Canine herpes virus
Brucella
E. Coli
Leptospira
Mycoplasma
Enterococcus
Staph
Proteus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
35
Q

Feline urogenital pathogens

A

FIP
FeLV
Palneluk
Rhinotracheitis

SA Micro (5 decks)

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