Major Canine/Feline Pathogens, Disinfectants, & Vaccinations Flashcards
How are the cell membranes of Gram +, Gram -, mycobacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma different?
Gram +: have a single, thick peptidoglycan membrane
Gram -: have two membranes (LPS and peptidoglycan)
Mycobacteria: thick layer of glycolipids and mycolic acids
Fungi: single layer with chitin, B glucan, mannoproteins
Mycoplasma: no cell wall
Which are the foreign animal disease agents?
Pox viruses
Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever virus, Hantavirus)
Paramyxovirus
Rabies
Are parvo and panleuk enveloped or non enveloped?
Non-enveloped
Which pathogens have aerosol transmission and are exclusive to cats?
Calicivirus Feline distemper (panleuk) FIP FRV Hendra virus
Which pathogens have aerosol transmission and are specific to the dog?
Balastomyces
Infectious canine hepatitis
Tularemia
What is the only mode of transmission not used by bacillus anthracis?
Vector
What is an advantage of PCR over other methods of pathogen diagnosis?
Can detect pathogen before onset clinical signs
What is the sensitivity of a test?
% of true positives among those truly infected
What is the specificity of a test?
% of true negatives among non-infected
How do you calculate the prevalence of a test?
(TP + FN) / total
TP= true positive FN= false negative
How do you calculate the accuracy of a test?
(TP + TN) / total
TP = true positives TN = true negatives
How do you calculate the positive predictive value of a test?
TP / (TP + FN)
TP = true positive FP = false positives
How do you calculate the negative predictive value of a test?
TN/ (TN + FN)
TN = true negative FN = false negative
What is important to know about swabs when collecting samples?
General purpose swabs contain substances that are inhibitory for some bacteria, PCR reactions, and are not suitable for specimen transport
What are spleen, heart blood, or bone marrow preferred over liver to detect septicemic infections?
Liver often contaminated by retrograde spread of intestinal floria from bile duct
Efficacy of disinfection is a function of what?
Surface
Contact time
Product
Dilution
Organisms in order of susceptibility to disinfection
(MOST SUSCEPTIBLE)
Mycoplasma Gram + (strep, staph) Gram - Enveloped viruses (herpes, distemper, FIV) Non-enveloped viruses (parvo) Mycobacterium Spires (bacillus, clostridium) Coccidia Prions
(MOST RESISTANT)
Cats are sensitive to which types of disinfectants?
Phenols
Essential oils
What are distinctive phenotypes of biofilms?
Increased tolerance to antibiotics
Increased resistance to host immune response
Which indwelling devices are associated with biofilms?
IV catheters Urinary catheters Peritoneal dialysis catheters Endotracheal tubes Feeding tubes Cardiac pacemakers Prosthetic joints/plates
What are the core canine vaccines?
Canine Adenovirus 2
Canine Distemper
Canine Parvovirus
Rabies
According to the Feline Task Force, you should only vaccinate a cat if:
Realistic risk of exposure
Agent causes significant dz
Potential benefits outweigh risks
No more frequently than necessary
Greatest # possible in at risk population
Appropriately to protect human/public health
What are the core feline vaccines?
Calicivirus Herpesvirus FeLV Panleuk Rabies
What are reason a vaccine may fail?
HOST:
Immunodeficiencies/immunosuppressed, maternal Ab interference, age, pregnancy, concurrent illness
VACCINE:
Vaccine is poorly immunogenic, manufacture errors, disinfectant used on needles/syringes, overwhelming exposure
HUMAN:
Improper mixing, exposed at time of vaccine visit, concurrent use of antimicrobials/immunosuppressive drugs, too frequent administration, wrong route
What is the only practical way to ensure that a puppy’s immune system has recognized the vaccinal antigen?
Antibody testing
