Skin disorders & wounds Flashcards
what is the heaviest organ ?
skin
how many layers of skin?
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
which layer is thin and devoid of blood vessels and divided in to outer horny layer and inner cellular layer
epidermis
which layer Contains connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles
dermis
which is the fat layer?
subcutaneous / hypodermis
what is melanin?
the brownish pigment of the skin, genetically determined, increased by sunlight.
what is a golden yellow pigment that exists in subcutaneous gat and in heavily keratinized areas like palms and soles
carotene
what is Oxyhemoglobin
a bright red pigment, predominates in arteries and capillaries.
what is the darker, somewhat bluer pigment from oxyhemoglobin losing its oxygen to the tissues
Deoxyhemoglobin
what are the 2 types of hair?
vellus - short fine
terminal - coarser, thicker
finger nails grow how long in a day?
0.1 mm
True or False. Sweat glands Produce a fatty substance that is secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles
False: sebaceous glands
what are the 2 types of sweat glands
- eccrine - control body temp, secrete onto skin surface
2. apocrine - in axillary & groin, open onto hair follicle
What is used in screening moles for melanoma?
A- asymmetry B- borders-- irregular C- change in color D- diameter E- elevation or enlargement
what is turgor
speedc with which, skin returns into place
what is mobility
lift skin and note ease with which it lifts up
what is A slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch with a somewhat irregular border.
Café-Au-Lait Spot
what is vitiligo?
Depigmented macules appear on the face, hands, feet, extensor surfaces.
Brown pigment is normal skin while the pale areas are vitiligo
where is jaundice is reliably and most easily seen?
sclera
what is the slapped cheek disease
fifth disease
what is an immune-mediated disease that affects the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells.
Presents as silvery scaly lesions
psoriasis
what is eczema?
skin rashes that are characterized by redness, skin edema (swelling), itching and dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.
An allergic disease associated with asthma.
what rash is shaped like a butterfly?
lupus malar rash
what is plaque?
A patch of closely grouped papules
what is a palpable solid lesion with distinct edges
nodule
what is A vascular reaction involving the deep dermis or subcutaneous or submucosal tissues, representing localized edema caused by dilatation and increased permeability of the capillaries, and characterized by the development of giant wheals
angioedema
A small raised lesion filled with clear fluid
vesicles
another name for blister
bulla
life threatening skin conditions that are Thought to be a hypersensitivity complex
erythema multiforme - Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
what are scales?
dry, horny build-up of dead skin cells that often flakes off the surface
what is lichenification
Rough, thick epidermis with exaggerated skin lines.
what are Linear or punctate erosions
excoriation
stages of pressure ulcer
Stage 1: Skin is not broken but is red or discolored.
Stage 2: The epidermis is broken, creating a shallow open sore.
Stage 3: The break in the skin extends through the dermis into the subcutaneous and fat tissue.
Stage 4: The breakdown extends into the muscle and can extend to the bone. Usually lots of dead tissue and drainage are present.
what are The least serious burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, but not all the way through.
1st degree
When the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is burned, the injury is called a second-degree burn.
2nd degree
The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and cause permanent tissue damage. Fat, muscle and even bone may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. Difficulty inhaling and exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic effects may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the burn.
3rd degree
what is commonly known as flesh-eating disease or flesh-eating bacteria syndrome
necrotizing fasciitis
