Nerve & Musculoskelton

Question 1

whar are neurons that carry sensory information into the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

sensory receptors a.k.a. afferent, neurons

Question 2

What are motor fibers in regards to nervous system?

Answer 2

a.k.a. efferent carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to cells and organs such as muscle fibers and glandular cells

Question 3

Which division of the PNS is associated with Rest and Digest?

Answer 3

parasympathetic

Question 4

Which devision of the PNS controls voluntary muscle movement

Answer 4

somatic

Question 5

The brain and spinal cord make up what part of the nervous system?

Answer 5

Central Nervous System

Question 6

Which part of the nervous system controls reflex activity

Answer 6

spinal cord

Question 7

what is the vertical plane which passes from ventral (front) to dorsal (rear) dividing the body into right and left halves

Answer 7

sagittal view

Question 8

Define the coronal plane

Answer 8

the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.

Question 9

what are the 5 sections of the spinal cord?

Answer 9

C1-7 T1-12 L1-5 S1-5 coccygeal.

Question 10

What is the structure in which Nerve roots fan out like a “horses tail” at L1-L2

Answer 10

cauda equina

Question 11

whare are most lumbar punctures done?

Answer 11

at L2-4 vertebral interspace

Question 12

Which part of the peripheral nervous system is considered the “brain of the gut”?

Answer 12

enteric nervous system

Question 13

of the 12 cranial nerve pairs, how many come from the brainstem?

Answer 13

10

Question 14

mnemonic for names of cranial nerves

Answer 14

On Occasion Our Trusty Trucks Act Funny, Very Good Vehicles Any How I. olfactory 2. optic 3. oculomotor 4. trochlear 5. trigeminal 6. abducens 7. facial 8. vestibulocochlear 9. glossopharyngeal 10. vagus 11. accessory 12. hypoglossal

Question 15

mnemonic for innervation of cranial nerves

Answer 15

m - motor s - sensory b - both Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter most.

Question 16

Which cranial nerve is associated with corneal reflexes, facial sensation, jaw movements, voice and speech

Answer 16

trigeminal has 3 branches 1. opthalmic 2. maxillary 3. mandible

Question 17

the Optic CN is associated with what?

Answer 17

visual acuity, visual fields

Question 18

which CN is associated with pupillary reactions, extraocular movments

Answer 18

oculomotor n.

Question 19

the trochlear CN is associated with what?

Answer 19

extraocular eye movements - movement of eyeball (downward movement)

Question 20

What other CN is also associate with extraocular eye movement, but movement of eyeball is lateral deviation of the eye?

Answer 20

abducena n.

Question 21

the CN of facial expression and taste (sour, bitter, sweet, salty) on the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 21

facial n.

Question 22

What is the vestibulocochlear CN associated with?

Answer 22

hearing and balance

Question 23

What CN is associated with taste on the posterior 1/3 of tongue, swallowing and rise of the palate, gag reflex

Answer 23

glossopharyngeal n.

Question 24

The vagus CN is associated with what?

Answer 24

voice and speech, swallowing and rise of the palate, gag reflex

Question 25

Which 2 CNs , monitoring of O2 and CO2 in blood for regulation of breathing rate and depth?

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal n. vagus n.

Question 26

Which nerve is also associated with sensation from visceral organs in thorax and abdomen, swallowing, coughing, and voice production, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation in organs of GI tract, slowing of the heart rate, secretion of digestive fluids

Answer 26

vagus n.

Question 27

Which CN is associated with swallowing, shoulder and neck movements

Answer 27

accessory n.

Question 28

The hypoglossal CN is associated with what?

Answer 28

tongue symmetry and position, voice and speech

Question 29

How many pairs of peripheral nerves are there?

Answer 29

31 pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

Question 30

Which nerves carry sensory fibers?

Answer 30

posterior (dorsal) roots

Question 31

Which nerves carry motor fibers?

Answer 31

anterior (ventral) roots

Question 32

what is a reflex?

Answer 32

an involuntary, stereotypical response that may involve as few as 2 neurons, 1 afferent (sensory) and 1 efferent (motor), across a single synapse

Question 33

what is a an area of skin supplied by sensory neurons that arise from a spinal nerve ganglion.

Answer 33

dermatome

Question 34

What is perception that the room is spinning or rotating

Answer 34

vertigo

Question 35

what is ataxia?

Answer 35

difficulty with gait or balance

Question 36

what is the feeling of pins and needles called?

Answer 36

paresthesias

Question 37

what is the sudden but temporary loss of consciousness that occurs with decreased blood flow to the brain, described as fainting

Answer 37

syncope

Question 38

What is the max glasgow coma score? min?

Answer 38

max 15 min 3

Question 39

What is considered a "stupor"?

Answer 39

patient aroused with painful stimuli ; minimal awareness of self and environment

Question 40

a patient that opens eyes and looks at you, but responds slowly and is somewhat confused; alertness and interest are decreased -- is considered to be what?

Answer 40

obtunded - aroused with gental shaking

Question 41

how are motor and sensory tested for the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 41

motor is teeth clenching; sensory is done with sharp and dull alternating over branches of the nerve

Question 42

Which nerves are tested when testing pupil is direct and consensual response to light

Answer 42

CN III, IV, VI (oculomotor, trochlear, facial)

Question 43

Which nerve is tested by the Weber and Rene tests?

Answer 43

vestibulocochlear n.

Question 44

how is muscle strength graded?

Answer 44

Graded on a scale from 0 to 5 0 = no muscular contraction 3 = active movement against gravity 5 = active movement against resistance (normal)

Question 45

What is the sensory test called that asks the patient to identification of familiar objects in the patient’s hand

Answer 45

stereognosis

Question 46

what is graphesthesia?

Answer 46

testing sensory by “writing” on patient’s hand with something blunt and they are to identify the number or letter you have written

Question 47

which deep tendon reflexs and spinal segments are tested in the arm?

Answer 47

biceps - C5 brachiorradialis - C6 Triceps - C7

Question 48

What reflex is dorsiflexion of the big toe with fanning of the other toes

Answer 48

babinski respons

Question 49

Which deep tendon reflexes are tested in the leg?

Answer 49

achille - S1 babinski - L4-5,S1-2\ patellar - L4

Question 50

how do you score deep tendon reflexes?

Answer 50

4+ very brisk, hyperactive, with clonus 3+ brisker than average, possibly but not necessarily indicative of disease 2+ average, normal 1+ somewhat diminished, low normal 0 no response

Question 51

what is Brudzinski's sign?

Answer 51

pain with flexion of hips and knees with flexion of the neck while patient is in supine position

Question 52

how many bones are in the body?

Answer 52

206

Question 53

how is opposition of hand tested?

Answer 53

moving thumb to the 5th MCP joint

Question 54

what is active ROM?

Answer 54

patient is able to accomplish on their own

Question 55

what is passive ROM?

Answer 55

the examiner manipulates the joint

Question 56

descriptive chart for muscle grading

Answer 56