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Clinical Methods Final > Nerve & Musculoskelton > Flashcards

Nerve & Musculoskelton Flashcards

1
Q

whar are neurons that carry sensory information into the brain and spinal cord

A

sensory receptors a.k.a. afferent, neurons

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2
Q

What are motor fibers in regards to nervous system?

A

a.k.a. efferent carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to cells and organs such as muscle fibers and glandular cells

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3
Q

Which division of the PNS is associated with Rest and Digest?

A

parasympathetic

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4
Q

Which devision of the PNS controls voluntary muscle movement

A

somatic

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5
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up what part of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System

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6
Q

Which part of the nervous system controls reflex activity

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

what is the vertical plane which passes from ventral (front) to dorsal (rear) dividing the body into right and left halves

A

sagittal view

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8
Q

Define the coronal plane

A

the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.

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9
Q

what are the 5 sections of the spinal cord?

A

C1-7 T1-12 L1-5 S1-5 coccygeal.

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10
Q

What is the structure in which Nerve roots fan out like a “horses tail” at L1-L2

A

cauda equina

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11
Q

whare are most lumbar punctures done?

A

at L2-4 vertebral interspace

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12
Q

Which part of the peripheral nervous system is considered the “brain of the gut”?

A

enteric nervous system

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13
Q

of the 12 cranial nerve pairs, how many come from the brainstem?

A

10

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14
Q

mnemonic for names of cranial nerves

A

On Occasion Our Trusty Trucks Act Funny, Very Good Vehicles Any How I. olfactory 2. optic 3. oculomotor 4. trochlear 5. trigeminal 6. abducens 7. facial 8. vestibulocochlear 9. glossopharyngeal 10. vagus 11. accessory 12. hypoglossal

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15
Q

mnemonic for innervation of cranial nerves

A

m - motor s - sensory b - both Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter most.

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with corneal reflexes, facial sensation, jaw movements, voice and speech

A

trigeminal has 3 branches 1. opthalmic 2. maxillary 3. mandible

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17
Q

the Optic CN is associated with what?

A

visual acuity, visual fields

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18
Q

which CN is associated with pupillary reactions, extraocular movments

A

oculomotor n.

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19
Q

the trochlear CN is associated with what?

A

extraocular eye movements - movement of eyeball (downward movement)

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20
Q

What other CN is also associate with extraocular eye movement, but movement of eyeball is lateral deviation of the eye?

A

abducena n.

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21
Q

the CN of facial expression and taste (sour, bitter, sweet, salty) on the anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

facial n.

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22
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear CN associated with?

A

hearing and balance

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23
Q

What CN is associated with taste on the posterior 1/3 of tongue, swallowing and rise of the palate, gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal n.

24
Q

The vagus CN is associated with what?

A

voice and speech, swallowing and rise of the palate, gag reflex

25
Q

Which 2 CNs , monitoring of O2 and CO2 in blood for regulation of breathing rate and depth?

A

glossopharyngeal n. vagus n.

26
Q

Which nerve is also associated with sensation from visceral organs in thorax and abdomen, swallowing, coughing, and voice production, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation in organs of GI tract, slowing of the heart rate, secretion of digestive fluids

A

vagus n.

27
Q

Which CN is associated with swallowing, shoulder and neck movements

A

accessory n.

28
Q

The hypoglossal CN is associated with what?

A

tongue symmetry and position, voice and speech

29
Q

How many pairs of peripheral nerves are there?

A

31 pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

30
Q

Which nerves carry sensory fibers?

A

posterior (dorsal) roots

31
Q

Which nerves carry motor fibers?

A

anterior (ventral) roots

32
Q

what is a reflex?

A

an involuntary, stereotypical response that may involve as few as 2 neurons, 1 afferent (sensory) and 1 efferent (motor), across a single synapse

33
Q

what is a an area of skin supplied by sensory neurons that arise from a spinal nerve ganglion.

A

dermatome

34
Q

What is perception that the room is spinning or rotating

A

vertigo

35
Q

what is ataxia?

A

difficulty with gait or balance

36
Q

what is the feeling of pins and needles called?

A

paresthesias

37
Q

what is the sudden but temporary loss of consciousness that occurs with decreased blood flow to the brain, described as fainting

A

syncope

38
Q

What is the max glasgow coma score? min?

A

max 15 min 3

39
Q

What is considered a “stupor”?

A

patient aroused with painful stimuli ; minimal awareness of self and environment

40
Q

a patient that opens eyes and looks at you, but responds slowly and is somewhat confused; alertness and interest are decreased – is considered to be what?

A

obtunded - aroused with gental shaking

41
Q

how are motor and sensory tested for the trigeminal nerve?

A

motor is teeth clenching; sensory is done with sharp and dull alternating over branches of the nerve

42
Q

Which nerves are tested when testing pupil is direct and consensual response to light

A

CN III, IV, VI (oculomotor, trochlear, facial)

43
Q

Which nerve is tested by the Weber and Rene tests?

A

vestibulocochlear n.

44
Q

how is muscle strength graded?

A

Graded on a scale from 0 to 5 0 = no muscular contraction 3 = active movement against gravity 5 = active movement against resistance (normal)

45
Q

What is the sensory test called that asks the patient to identification of familiar objects in the patient’s hand

A

stereognosis

46
Q

what is graphesthesia?

A

testing sensory by “writing” on patient’s hand with something blunt and they are to identify the number or letter you have written

47
Q

which deep tendon reflexs and spinal segments are tested in the arm?

A

biceps - C5 brachiorradialis - C6 Triceps - C7

48
Q

What reflex is dorsiflexion of the big toe with fanning of the other toes

A

babinski respons

49
Q

Which deep tendon reflexes are tested in the leg?

A

achille - S1 babinski - L4-5,S1-2\ patellar - L4

50
Q

how do you score deep tendon reflexes?

A

4+ very brisk, hyperactive, with clonus 3+ brisker than average, possibly but not necessarily indicative of disease 2+ average, normal 1+ somewhat diminished, low normal 0 no response

51
Q

what is Brudzinski’s sign?

A

pain with flexion of hips and knees with flexion of the neck while patient is in supine position

52
Q

how many bones are in the body?

A

206

53
Q

how is opposition of hand tested?

A

moving thumb to the 5th MCP joint

54
Q

what is active ROM?

A

patient is able to accomplish on their own

55
Q

what is passive ROM?

A

the examiner manipulates the joint

56
Q

descriptive chart for muscle grading

A

Clinical Methods Final (9 decks)

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