head,neck, & airway Flashcards
which gland presents itself as an airway emergency?
submandibular gland
Which artery can you palpate pulse on the head
superficial temporal
where is tear fluid produced?
lacrimal gland
tears drain into the nose via what duct?
nasolacrimal duct
what part of the eye controls thickness of lens for focusing?
ciliary body
what fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?
aquesous humor
what part of the ear senses and codes information for the brain?
cochlea (inner ear)
what are 2 pathways of hearing?
- conductive (external to middle)
2. sensorineural (involves cochlea and CN VIII)
what are principle functions of nose?
cleansing
humidification
temp control of inspired air
what could be a potential problem with insertion of a nasal trumpet?
nasal cavity high vascular
risk of bleed and drain into pharynx, possible to get on vocal cords
what connects the tounge to the floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
what number are the top 2 central incisors? bottom 2?
top 8-9
bottom 24-25
what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
mandible
SCM
midline of neck
What are the borders of the posterior trianble of the neck?
SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle
what are the great vessels of the neck?
Internal Jugular vein
external jugular vein
carotid artery
what structure do the great vessels lie under?
SCM
term for farsighted?
hyperopia / prebyopia
term for nearsigted?
myopia
term for dark area/ spot surrounded by normal vision?
scotomas
term for double vision?
diplopia
what is direct reaction vs consensual reaction of the pupil
consensual - other pupil reacts when light shined in opposite eye
direct - only the pupil being shined on reacts
term for fine rhythmic oscillations of the eyes
nystagmus
On exam with opthalmoscope what should be seen?
optic disc
retina - arteries, veins, & macula
what disease can be detected with opthalmic exam?
Glaucoma Diabetes Meningitis Subarachnoid hemorrhages trauma brain masses uncontrolled hypertension macular degeneration.
what should be observed when examing the ear drum?
cone of light – distortions = problems
what is the weber test for ?
hearing lateralization – detect unilateral loss
what is Rinne test?
compares air vs bone conduction loss
what nerve is being tested when patient is asked to stick out tongue to test for symmetry
CN XII
What nerve is associated with rise of soft palate?
CN X
What are the markers of a difficult laryngoscopy?
MAL III or IV thyromental distance < 6 cm mouth opening < 3 cm Neck pathology - mass, surg. scar, radiation thick neck limited cervical range of motion
what are the MAL scores?
Grade 1: Most of glottis visible
Grade 2: Only posterior portion of glottis visible
Grade 3: Epiglottis, but none of glottis visible
Grade 4: No airway structures visualized
What does the airway exam consist of ?
1 Mallampati classification 2 thyromental distance 3 mouth opening 4 cervical flexion/extension 5 prognation
