head,neck, & airway

Question 1

which gland presents itself as an airway emergency?

Answer 1

submandibular gland

Question 2

Which artery can you palpate pulse on the head

Answer 2

superficial temporal

Question 3

where is tear fluid produced?

Answer 3

lacrimal gland

Question 4

tears drain into the nose via what duct?

Answer 4

nasolacrimal duct

Question 5

what part of the eye controls thickness of lens for focusing?

Answer 5

ciliary body

Question 6

what fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

Answer 6

aquesous humor

Question 7

what part of the ear senses and codes information for the brain?

Answer 7

cochlea (inner ear)

Question 8

what are 2 pathways of hearing?

Answer 8

1. conductive (external to middle)

2. sensorineural (involves cochlea and CN VIII)

Question 9

what are principle functions of nose?

Answer 9

cleansing
humidification
temp control of inspired air

Question 10

what could be a potential problem with insertion of a nasal trumpet?

Answer 10

nasal cavity high vascular

risk of bleed and drain into pharynx, possible to get on vocal cords

Question 11

what connects the tounge to the floor of the mouth

Answer 11

lingual frenulum

Question 12

what number are the top 2 central incisors? bottom 2?

Answer 12

top 8-9

bottom 24-25

Question 13

what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 13

mandible
SCM
midline of neck

Question 14

What are the borders of the posterior trianble of the neck?

Answer 14

SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle

Question 15

what are the great vessels of the neck?

Answer 15

Internal Jugular vein
external jugular vein
carotid artery

Question 16

what structure do the great vessels lie under?

Answer 16

SCM

Question 17

term for farsighted?

Answer 17

hyperopia / prebyopia

Question 18

term for nearsigted?

Answer 18

myopia

Question 19

term for dark area/ spot surrounded by normal vision?

Answer 19

scotomas

Question 20

term for double vision?

Answer 20

diplopia

Question 21

what is direct reaction vs consensual reaction of the pupil

Answer 21

consensual - other pupil reacts when light shined in opposite eye
direct - only the pupil being shined on reacts

Question 22

term for fine rhythmic oscillations of the eyes

Answer 22

nystagmus

Question 23

On exam with opthalmoscope what should be seen?

Answer 23

optic disc

retina - arteries, veins, & macula

Question 24

what disease can be detected with opthalmic exam?

Answer 24

Glaucoma
Diabetes 
Meningitis 
Subarachnoid hemorrhages
trauma
brain masses
uncontrolled hypertension
macular degeneration.

Question 25

what should be observed when examing the ear drum?

Answer 25

cone of light -- distortions = problems

Question 26

what is the weber test for ?

Answer 26

hearing lateralization -- detect unilateral loss

Question 27

what is Rinne test?

Answer 27

compares air vs bone conduction loss

Question 28

what nerve is being tested when patient is asked to stick out tongue to test for symmetry

Answer 28

CN XII

Question 29

What nerve is associated with rise of soft palate?

Answer 29

CN X

Question 30

What are the markers of a difficult laryngoscopy?

Answer 30

``` MAL III or IV thyromental distance < 6 cm mouth opening < 3 cm Neck pathology - mass, surg. scar, radiation thick neck limited cervical range of motion ```

Question 31

what are the MAL scores?

Answer 31

Grade 1: Most of glottis visible Grade 2: Only posterior portion of glottis visible Grade 3: Epiglottis, but none of glottis visible Grade 4: No airway structures visualized

Question 32

What does the airway exam consist of ?

Answer 32

``` 1 Mallampati classification 2 thyromental distance 3 mouth opening 4 cervical flexion/extension 5 prognation ```