Skin Conditions Flashcards
Disinfectant
Decreases the # of microorganisms on inanimate objects
Bactericidal agent
Kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic agent
Agent that inhibits or retards the growth of bacteria
Keratolytic agent
Causes or promotes shedding of the skin
Antiseptic
Reduces, prevents or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
Vehicle
Inactive agent that carries medicinal ingredients
Bath
Method of cleansing or treating the body therapeuticly
Emollient
Softens and smooths the surface to which it is applied, usually the skin
Skin cleansers
Agent used to remove debris, bacteria, and waste products from the skin
Proteolytic enzyme
Enzyme that helps brake down proteins into useable peptides
List the common symptoms of skin disorders
Inflammation, dermatolic lesions, eruptions dehydration, erythema & edema
Common side effects of meds for skin disorders
Thinning of skin, dryness, burning, pruritis, rash & irritation
Factors that affect the rate of medication absorption through the skin
Form of drug, size of molecules, base of medication
What is the function on baths
Cleanse skin, lower body temp & administer meds
Which type of skin should bathe more often
Oily
Persons with dry skin should use what types of lotion to hydrate the skin
Oil based
What type of lotions should people with dry skin avoid
Alcohol based
Soaps need to be rinsed off due to what effect
Drying effect on skin
Why is friction important to proper hand washing
Removes dead skin and bacteria
What are emollients
Fatty or oily substances used on irritated skin
What are emollients commonly made from
Lanolin, protrolum jelly, vitamin A, D, E
What are emollients used for
Soothing effects
Can skin preparations be used on a daily basis
Yes
What are lotions / what are they used for
Liquids that have an insoluble powder or suspension
What are lotions used for
Dressings, contact dermatitis, insect bites & prickly heat
What are rubs and liniments used for
Relief of pain on intact skin
When using rubs and liniments does skin need to be intact
Yes
Should you apply heat after application of a rub or liniment
No
What are topical corticosteroids used for
Relieve inflammation, pruritis, contact dermatitis, insect bites, minor burns, psoriasis & eczema
Are corticosteroids OTC prescription
Both
How should corticosteroids be applied
Topically - very thin film rubbed into the skin
Do corticosteroids have systemic effects
Yes
Are corticosteroids safe for long term use with diaper rash
No - ( because toxic systemic absorption )
What do you need to teach patients regarding corticosteroid use
Care should be taken so they don’t come into contact with eyes, don’t use on weeping or denuded areas, avoid prolonged sunlight, should only be used for short periods of time
Topical corticosteroids come in what forms
Lotions, ointments, creams, gels & aerosol sprays
List the common areas where we apply topical fungal preparations
Feet, where its dark and moist - also on hair skin and nails
What are topical fungal preparations used to treat
Candida & tinea infections
Do we use occlusive dressings with antifungal treatments
No
Are they available OTC, prescription or both
Both
What do you need to teach patients regarding fungal preparations
They should use completely even if symptoms improve
What is acne vulgaris
Increase sebum production & increase formation of keratin
What is involved in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Sebum and bacteria
What two forms of antibiotics can we use to treat acne
Topical & systemic
What are common side effects of acne meds
Dryness, scaling, peeling, burning, itching, stinging, tenderness, & erythema
Can acne meds aggravate the condition before becoming effective
Yes - all of them
Are acne meds available OTC, prescription or both
Both
Patients with acne should wear which type of cosmetics
None or waterbased
What vitamin should pregnant women avoid in treatment of acne
A
What are keratolytics used to treat
Dandruff, seborehic dermatitis, acne & warts
What do keratolytics promote
Shedding of horny layer of the skin
What are the side effects both locally and systemically of keratolytics
Local side effects include burning and irritation
Systemic side effects include tinnitus, dizziness, headaches & ototoxicity
What is seborrhic dermititis
Inflammation and scaling of face
Where does seborrhic dermatitis start
On face
Where is seborrhic dermatitis usually found
Underarms, chest, anogenital areas
Can you use antifungals in treatment of seborrhic dermatitis
Yes
What is the most common seborrhic dermatitis medicatin form for application
Shampoo
Are seborrhic dermatitis meds OTC, prescription or both
Both
What are seborrhic dermatitis med side effects
Skin irritation is most common side effect
What are most common ingredients in seborrhic dermititis meds
Selenium & zinc
Do seborrhic dermititis meds commonly contain antibiotics
No
Topical anethetics are commonly used for what conditions
Itching of skin or mucous membrane
Topical anesthetics are used in what application forms
Lotions, creams, ointment, gels, aerosol sprays, solutions, otic and ophthalmic preparations
What is the most common medication used for second and third degree burns
Silver sulfandiazine
What form(s) of sulfonamides are used with burns
Cream
When do we apply sulfonamides to burns - before or after debridement
After
What are proteolytic enzymes used to treat
Used to debride tissue of debris & exudates with burns
Scabicides & pediculacides are used for treatment of what conditions
Kills scabies and lice
Scabicides and pediculacides are applied in what forms? For how long
Shampoo 4 mins
Cream 12 hrs
Can you treat with Scabicides and pediculacides as often as desired? Why/why not
No. They can cause central nervous system damage
Scabicides and pediculacides: who needs to be treated and why
All household & any sexual partners all at the same time
What are some common meds that increase photosensitivity
Tetracyclined & solfonimites
What prophylactic measures should be takin when exposed to UVR
Sunscreen, protective clothing, hats
How is SPF arrived at
What is formula
Ration between exposure of UVR waves and time required to cause erythema with or without sunscreen
How does SPF number relate to a tan and length of time safely spent in the sun
The higher the SPF the longer it takes to develop a tan
Why do we recommend sunscreen
Any exposure causes premature aging and cancer
What is minoxidil used for and how often is it applied
Baldness. Twice a day, at least daily
What is fluorouracil used to treat
Actinic keratosis and superficial Basel cell carcinoma
How does fluorouracil work
Irritates skin causing tissue disintegration - causes necrosis and ulceration then it heals
Is it good to use an oral antihistamine along with a topical that contains the same drug
No
What is the med of choice for chickenpox pruritis
Calamine lotion
What is phenol used to treat
Itching
When you see -caine ending a drug name you can usually classify the drug to what type of agent
Numbing or anathetic agent
Topical anti-viral medication should be applied at what frequency per day
Up to seven times a day ( every day )
Should you wear gloves for administration of topical anti-viral meds
Yes
Is it important to apply topical meds to clean/cleansed skin
Yes
Water based meds are better absorbed when patient is well hydrated
Yes
In respect to fat soluble and water soluble drugs which is more readily absorbed as excreted through skin
Water soluble
Do skin cleansers contain soap
No
Do we use topical anti-infective meds on deep penetrating wounds
No
Does the thickness of skin have anything to do with the speed of med absorption
Yes
