Medications For Disorders Of The Eye And Ear Flashcards
Miosis
Constriction of pupil
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupil
Drugs may be used to obtain mydriasis and miosis with
Ocular exams and treatment of eye disease
Nystagmus
Constant involuntary movement of the eye in any direction
Presbyopia
Inability of lens to accommodate to near objects because of the rigidity of the lens caused by aging
Cholinergic
Agent that acts to transmit nerve stimulations in the parasympathetic nervous system - causes constriction of pupil
Anti-cholinergic
Agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulse - causes dilation
Otic solution
Otic preparation
Medication used in ear
Ophthalmic preparation
Meds used in eye - may cause systemic effects
Cytoplegic
Paralysis of ciliary muscle
Localized, purulent, inflammatory bacterial infection of sebaceous glands of the eyelid
Also called- sty
Hordeolum
Acute inflammation of the conjunctiva from bacterial or viral infection
Also called - pinkeye
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the eyelids from bacterial infection or allergies
Blepharitis
Hard eyelid cyst resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland
Chalazion
Inflammation of the cornea
Keratitis
Abnormal intolerance to light
Photophobia
Opacity on or in the lens or capsule of the eye-
Loss of transparency
Cataract
Change in shape of the lens of the eye to adjust to viewing objects of different distances
Accommodation
Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
Inflammation of iris, choroids and ciliary body
Uveitis
Ataxia
Difficulty with balance
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ear
Auralgia
Ear pain.
Also called otalgia or otodynia
Parasthesia
Tingling or numbness
Sense that the environment or oneself is revolving
Vertigo
Common symptoms of eye disorders
Visual disturbances, eye redness, pain or burning in or around the eye
List common symptoms of ear disorders
Vertigo, loss of hearing, tinnitus, ear pain (otalgia)
What may the patient using ophthalmic medications experience
Blurred vision, photophobia, headache, changes in intraocular pressure
What may the patient using otic medications experience
Tinnitus, itching of ear canal, dizziness
Are there side effects to most eye and ear meds?
Yes
Can any topical medication be used in the ear or in the eye?
No
Are ophthalmic anti-inflammatory and anti-infection agents effective on mucus membranes and do they penetrate the eye?
Are effective on mucus membranes
Do not readily penetrate the eye
How do we discourage drug resistant strains of antibiotics
Administer antibiotic locally so that it’s not inside body- but on body
What do we do for treatment of viral infection
Treat both eyes
How do we irrigate eyes to prevent cross-contamination
Head should be turned toward infected side
Do we need to culture eye secretions? When?
Yes, before we treat
Agents used for glaucoma: do we use topical agents, systemic or both?
Both
What actions do beta-blockers have?
Decrease production of aquas humar lowering intraocular pressure
What is the function of miotics (cholinergic)
Allow outflow of aquas humar
What are the side effects of miotics
Many - blurred vision, myopia, irritation, headaches
What is the function of sympathomimetics
Mimics sympathetic nervous system
Dilates pupil
What is the function of osmotic diuretics
Used to reduce intraocular pressure
Are mydriatics safe for most compromised cardiovascular patients? why/why not?
Not safe
Increase heart rate
What are the side effects of topical corticosteroids
Burning, tearing, blurred vision, headache, eye pain
Artificial tears
Lubricate eyes, moisten contact lenses, remove debris
Cromolyn sodium
Used for: allergic reactions of the eye - by self can cause burning and stinging
Fluorescein sodium
A non-toxic, water soluble dye used to stain corneal lesions
most common preparation forms of otic anti-infective agents
Instillation and irrigations
Most common use of otic anti-infective agents
Reduce swelling, promote drainage of infections & relieve pruritis
Most common side effects of anti-infective agents
Irritation, swelling, uticaria
Are the following drug classes used as otic anti-infectives; drying agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and combo products
Drying agents, antibiotics, & corticosteroids not combo products
What are cerumenolytics used for
Softening earwax
Is it common for ear medications to contain more than one ingredient
Yes to treat more than one symptom
What are some ear analgesics
Do they need to be warmed
Glycerin, warmed mineral oil, sweet oil, benzocaine medications
Need to be warmed pre-use
What are the symptoms of ototoxicity
Severe headache, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, ataxia, difficulty with equilibrium
What is tonometry
Measurement of intraocular pressure; used to diagnose glaucoma
Are local anesthetic agents used with tonometry
Yes
What do we warn patient about with tonometry
Loss of blink reflex & increase possibility of injury
Do allied health professionals treat a draining ear without MD input?
No
How do you store eye and ear medications for safe dispensing and administration
Store separately, use different shelves for internal vs external meds & do not store similar names next to each other
Do drugs for vertigo have side effects
Yes. Drowsiness
What do we warn the patient about operating equipment with vertigo drugs
Be careful
Don’t do until know how it affects you
Is it possible for systemic medications to have ocular effects
Yes. Blurred vision miosis & altered colored vision
Corticosteroids may have what ocular effect
Cataracts & intraocular pressure
Ibuprofen may have what ocular effect
Blurred vision, altered color vision
OTC ophthalmic meds are always safe for use because they have been FDA approved
False
What patient teaching should be involved with the use of anti-cholinergic medications
Wear sunglasses to protect eyes,
Dark environments are preferred
