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Pharmacology > Medications For Disorders Of The Eye And Ear > Flashcards

Medications For Disorders Of The Eye And Ear Flashcards

0
Q

Miosis

A

Constriction of pupil

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1
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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2
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of pupil

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3
Q

Drugs may be used to obtain mydriasis and miosis with

A

Ocular exams and treatment of eye disease

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4
Q

Nystagmus

A

Constant involuntary movement of the eye in any direction

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5
Q

Presbyopia

A

Inability of lens to accommodate to near objects because of the rigidity of the lens caused by aging

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6
Q

Cholinergic

A

Agent that acts to transmit nerve stimulations in the parasympathetic nervous system - causes constriction of pupil

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7
Q

Anti-cholinergic

A

Agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulse - causes dilation

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8
Q

Otic solution

Otic preparation

A

Medication used in ear

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9
Q

Ophthalmic preparation

A

Meds used in eye - may cause systemic effects

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10
Q

Cytoplegic

A

Paralysis of ciliary muscle

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11
Q

Localized, purulent, inflammatory bacterial infection of sebaceous glands of the eyelid
Also called- sty

A

Hordeolum

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12
Q

Acute inflammation of the conjunctiva from bacterial or viral infection
Also called - pinkeye

A

Conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Inflammation of the eyelids from bacterial infection or allergies

A

Blepharitis

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14
Q

Hard eyelid cyst resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland

A

Chalazion

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15
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A

Keratitis

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16
Q

Abnormal intolerance to light

A

Photophobia

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17
Q

Opacity on or in the lens or capsule of the eye-

Loss of transparency

A

Cataract

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18
Q

Change in shape of the lens of the eye to adjust to viewing objects of different distances

A

Accommodation

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19
Q

Disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

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20
Q

Inflammation of iris, choroids and ciliary body

A

Uveitis

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21
Q

Ataxia

A

Difficulty with balance

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22
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ear

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23
Q

Auralgia

A

Ear pain.

Also called otalgia or otodynia

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24
Q

Parasthesia

A

Tingling or numbness

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25
Q

Sense that the environment or oneself is revolving

A

Vertigo

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26
Q

Common symptoms of eye disorders

A

Visual disturbances, eye redness, pain or burning in or around the eye

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27
Q

List common symptoms of ear disorders

A

Vertigo, loss of hearing, tinnitus, ear pain (otalgia)

28
Q

What may the patient using ophthalmic medications experience

A

Blurred vision, photophobia, headache, changes in intraocular pressure

29
Q

What may the patient using otic medications experience

A

Tinnitus, itching of ear canal, dizziness

30
Q

Are there side effects to most eye and ear meds?

A

Yes

31
Q

Can any topical medication be used in the ear or in the eye?

A

No

32
Q

Are ophthalmic anti-inflammatory and anti-infection agents effective on mucus membranes and do they penetrate the eye?

A

Are effective on mucus membranes

Do not readily penetrate the eye

33
Q

How do we discourage drug resistant strains of antibiotics

A

Administer antibiotic locally so that it’s not inside body- but on body

34
Q

What do we do for treatment of viral infection

A

Treat both eyes

35
Q

How do we irrigate eyes to prevent cross-contamination

A

Head should be turned toward infected side

36
Q

Do we need to culture eye secretions? When?

A

Yes, before we treat

37
Q

Agents used for glaucoma: do we use topical agents, systemic or both?

A

Both

38
Q

What actions do beta-blockers have?

A

Decrease production of aquas humar lowering intraocular pressure

39
Q

What is the function of miotics (cholinergic)

A

Allow outflow of aquas humar

40
Q

What are the side effects of miotics

A

Many - blurred vision, myopia, irritation, headaches

41
Q

What is the function of sympathomimetics

A

Mimics sympathetic nervous system

Dilates pupil

42
Q

What is the function of osmotic diuretics

A

Used to reduce intraocular pressure

43
Q

Are mydriatics safe for most compromised cardiovascular patients? why/why not?

A

Not safe

Increase heart rate

44
Q

What are the side effects of topical corticosteroids

A

Burning, tearing, blurred vision, headache, eye pain

45
Q

Artificial tears

A

Lubricate eyes, moisten contact lenses, remove debris

46
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

Used for: allergic reactions of the eye - by self can cause burning and stinging

47
Q

Fluorescein sodium

A

A non-toxic, water soluble dye used to stain corneal lesions

48
Q

most common preparation forms of otic anti-infective agents

A

Instillation and irrigations

49
Q

Most common use of otic anti-infective agents

A

Reduce swelling, promote drainage of infections & relieve pruritis

50
Q

Most common side effects of anti-infective agents

A

Irritation, swelling, uticaria

51
Q

Are the following drug classes used as otic anti-infectives; drying agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and combo products

A

Drying agents, antibiotics, & corticosteroids not combo products

52
Q

What are cerumenolytics used for

A

Softening earwax

53
Q

Is it common for ear medications to contain more than one ingredient

A

Yes to treat more than one symptom

54
Q

What are some ear analgesics

Do they need to be warmed

A

Glycerin, warmed mineral oil, sweet oil, benzocaine medications

Need to be warmed pre-use

55
Q

What are the symptoms of ototoxicity

A

Severe headache, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, ataxia, difficulty with equilibrium

56
Q

What is tonometry

A

Measurement of intraocular pressure; used to diagnose glaucoma

57
Q

Are local anesthetic agents used with tonometry

A

Yes

58
Q

What do we warn patient about with tonometry

A

Loss of blink reflex & increase possibility of injury

59
Q

Do allied health professionals treat a draining ear without MD input?

A

No

60
Q

How do you store eye and ear medications for safe dispensing and administration

A

Store separately, use different shelves for internal vs external meds & do not store similar names next to each other

61
Q

Do drugs for vertigo have side effects

A

Yes. Drowsiness

62
Q

What do we warn the patient about operating equipment with vertigo drugs

A

Be careful

Don’t do until know how it affects you

63
Q

Is it possible for systemic medications to have ocular effects

A

Yes. Blurred vision miosis & altered colored vision

64
Q

Corticosteroids may have what ocular effect

A

Cataracts & intraocular pressure

65
Q

Ibuprofen may have what ocular effect

A

Blurred vision, altered color vision

66
Q

OTC ophthalmic meds are always safe for use because they have been FDA approved

A

False

67
Q

What patient teaching should be involved with the use of anti-cholinergic medications

A

Wear sunglasses to protect eyes,

Dark environments are preferred

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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