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dermatology > Skin cancer > Flashcards

Skin cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

skin cancer - types and MC

A
  1. basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (MC)
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Melanoma
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2
Q

MC skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

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3
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is found in (area of the body and classic location)

A

sun exposed areas

classic location: upper lip

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4
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - behavioural

A
  1. locally invasive

2. RARELY metastasizes

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5
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - macroscopic appearance

A

pink, pearly nobules, commonly with telengectasias, rolled borders, central crusting or ulceration

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6
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - colour

A

pink

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7
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - borders

A

rolled borders

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8
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - central

A

crusting or ulceration

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9
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - present (to the doctor) as

A

nonhealing ulcer with infiltrating growth or as a scaling plaque (superficial BCC)

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10
Q

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - Histology

A

clusters of darkly staining basaloid cells with a palisade arrangement of nuclei at the periphery of the clusters

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11
Q

second MC skin cancer

A

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC)

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12
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is associated with (risk factors)

A
  1. excessive exposure to sunlight
  2. immunosuppression
  3. arsenic exposure
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13
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin commonly appears on

A
  1. face 2. lower lip 3. ears 4. hands
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14
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - behavioural

A
  • locally invasive
  • may spread to lymph nodes
  • metastasize: uncommon
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15
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC)of the skin - histopathology

A

keratin pearls

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16
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - macroscopic appearance

A

ulcerative red lesions with frequent scale.

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17
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is associated with

A

chronic draining sinuses

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18
Q

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - precursor lesion

A

Actinic keratosis

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19
Q

Actinic keratosis appearance

A

scaly plaque, hyperkeratotic

small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques

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20
Q

keratoacanthoma - definition

A

keratoacanthoma is a variant (well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly (4-6 weeks) and may regress spontaneously over months

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21
Q

keratoacanthoma - develops rapidly (how long)

A

4-6 weeks

22
Q

keratoacanthoma - present as a

A

cap-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris

23
Q

Melanoma - metastasis?

A

significant risk

24
Q

melanoma - tumor marker

A

S-100

25
Q

melanoma - risk factors

A
  1. sunlight exposure

2. fair-skinned persons are at high risk

26
Q

melanoma - …. correlates with risk of metastasis

A

depth of tumor

27
Q

melanoma - depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis

A

risk of metastasis

28
Q

melanoma - in clinical examination, look for

A

mnemonic ABCDE

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6 mm, Evolution over time

29
Q

melanoma - how many subtypes

A

at least 4 different types

30
Q

melanoma - some subtypes

A
  1. superficial spreading
  2. nodular
  3. lentigo maligna
  4. acral lentiginous
31
Q

melanoma - MC subtype

A

superficial spreading

32
Q

melanoma is characterized by 2 growth phases

A
  1. Radial growth

2. vertical growth

33
Q

melanoma - radial growth?

A

Radial growth horizontally along the epidermis and superficial dermis

34
Q

melanoma - vertical growth?

A

vertical growth into the deep dermis

35
Q

melanoma - vertical vs radial growth according metastasis

A

radial –> low risk
vertical –> high risk
DEPTH OF TUMOR CORRELATES WITH RISK OF METASTASIS

36
Q

superficial spreading melanoma - growth / prognosis

A

radial

good prognosis

37
Q

lentigo maligna melanoma - prognosis / growth

A

good prognosis

radial growth

38
Q

nodular melanoma - growth / prognosis

A

early vertical

poor prognosis

39
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma - special feature

A

it is not related with UV light exposure

40
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma arises at (area of the body)

A

palms or soles

41
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma is often in …. individuals

A

dark-skinned

42
Q

melanoma is often driven by …. (genetics)

A

activating mutation in BRAF kinase

43
Q

melanoma - primary treatment

A

excision with appropriately wide margins

44
Q

metastatic or unresectable melanoma in patients with BRAF V600E mutation may benefit from

A

vemurafenib

45
Q

vemurafenib - mechanism of action

A

inhibitor of BRAF oncogene + melanoma

46
Q

Patients who may benefit from vemurafenib

A

metastatic or unresectable melanoma in patients with BRAF V600E mutation

47
Q

melanoma subtypes with good prognosis

A
  1. lentigo maligna

2. superficial spreading

48
Q

melanoma subtypes with poor prognosis

A
  1. acral lentiginous

2. nodular

49
Q

Basal vs squamous cell carcinoma according area of the lips

A

SCC -> lower lip

BCC –> upper lip

50
Q

risk factors for all skin cancers

A
  1. albinisms

2. sunburn

dermatology (9 decks)

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