Skin cancer

Question 1

skin cancer - types and MC

Answer 1

1. basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (MC)
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma

Question 2

MC skin cancer

Answer 2

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Question 3

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is found in (area of the body and classic location)

Answer 3

sun exposed areas

classic location: upper lip

Question 4

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - behavioural

Answer 4

1. locally invasive

2. RARELY metastasizes

Question 5

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - macroscopic appearance

Answer 5

pink, pearly nobules, commonly with telengectasias, rolled borders, central crusting or ulceration

Question 6

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - colour

Answer 6

pink

Question 7

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - borders

Answer 7

rolled borders

Question 8

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - central

Answer 8

crusting or ulceration

Question 9

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - present (to the doctor) as

Answer 9

nonhealing ulcer with infiltrating growth or as a scaling plaque (superficial BCC)

Question 10

basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin - Histology

Answer 10

clusters of darkly staining basaloid cells with a palisade arrangement of nuclei at the periphery of the clusters

Question 11

second MC skin cancer

Answer 11

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC)

Question 12

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is associated with (risk factors)

Answer 12

1. excessive exposure to sunlight
2. immunosuppression
3. arsenic exposure

Question 13

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin commonly appears on

Answer 13

1. face 2. lower lip 3. ears 4. hands

Question 14

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - behavioural

Answer 14

• locally invasive
• may spread to lymph nodes
• metastasize: uncommon

Question 15

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC)of the skin - histopathology

Answer 15

keratin pearls

Question 16

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - macroscopic appearance

Answer 16

ulcerative red lesions with frequent scale.

Question 17

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is associated with

Answer 17

chronic draining sinuses

Question 18

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) of the skin - precursor lesion

Answer 18

Actinic keratosis

Question 19

Actinic keratosis appearance

Answer 19

scaly plaque, hyperkeratotic

small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques

Question 20

keratoacanthoma - definition

Answer 20

keratoacanthoma is a variant (well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly (4-6 weeks) and may regress spontaneously over months

Question 21

keratoacanthoma - develops rapidly (how long)

Answer 21

4-6 weeks

Question 22

keratoacanthoma - present as a

Answer 22

cap-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris

Question 23

Melanoma - metastasis?

Answer 23

significant risk

Question 24

melanoma - tumor marker

Answer 24

S-100

Question 25

melanoma - risk factors

Answer 25

1. sunlight exposure | 2. fair-skinned persons are at high risk

Question 26

melanoma - .... correlates with risk of metastasis

Answer 26

depth of tumor

Question 27

melanoma - depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis

Answer 27

risk of metastasis

Question 28

melanoma - in clinical examination, look for

Answer 28

mnemonic ABCDE | Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6 mm, Evolution over time

Question 29

melanoma - how many subtypes

Answer 29

at least 4 different types

Question 30

melanoma - some subtypes

Answer 30

1. superficial spreading 2. nodular 3. lentigo maligna 4. acral lentiginous

Question 31

melanoma - MC subtype

Answer 31

superficial spreading

Question 32

melanoma is characterized by 2 growth phases

Answer 32

1. Radial growth | 2. vertical growth

Question 33

melanoma - radial growth?

Answer 33

Radial growth horizontally along the epidermis and superficial dermis

Question 34

melanoma - vertical growth?

Answer 34

vertical growth into the deep dermis

Question 35

melanoma - vertical vs radial growth according metastasis

Answer 35

radial --> low risk vertical --> high risk DEPTH OF TUMOR CORRELATES WITH RISK OF METASTASIS

Question 36

superficial spreading melanoma - growth / prognosis

Answer 36

radial | good prognosis

Question 37

lentigo maligna melanoma - prognosis / growth

Answer 37

good prognosis | radial growth

Question 38

nodular melanoma - growth / prognosis

Answer 38

early vertical | poor prognosis

Question 39

acral lentiginous melanoma - special feature

Answer 39

it is not related with UV light exposure

Question 40

acral lentiginous melanoma arises at (area of the body)

Answer 40

palms or soles

Question 41

acral lentiginous melanoma is often in .... individuals

Answer 41

dark-skinned

Question 42

melanoma is often driven by .... (genetics)

Answer 42

activating mutation in BRAF kinase

Question 43

melanoma - primary treatment

Answer 43

excision with appropriately wide margins

Question 44

metastatic or unresectable melanoma in patients with BRAF V600E mutation may benefit from

Answer 44

vemurafenib

Question 45

vemurafenib - mechanism of action

Answer 45

inhibitor of BRAF oncogene + melanoma

Question 46

Patients who may benefit from vemurafenib

Answer 46

metastatic or unresectable melanoma in patients with BRAF V600E mutation

Question 47

melanoma subtypes with good prognosis

Answer 47

1. lentigo maligna | 2. superficial spreading

Question 48

melanoma subtypes with poor prognosis

Answer 48

1. acral lentiginous | 2. nodular

Question 49

Basal vs squamous cell carcinoma according area of the lips

Answer 49

SCC -> lower lip | BCC --> upper lip

Question 50

risk factors for all skin cancers

Answer 50

1. albinisms | 2. sunburn