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dermatology > Common skin disorders / skin infections > Flashcards

Common skin disorders / skin infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

acne - MC in (age)

A

MC in adolescents but can occur at any age

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2
Q

acne - pathophysiology / appearance

A

pilosebaceous follicles with increased sebum, keratin Propionubacterium acnes –> obstruction (comedones) and inflammation (papupes/pustules, nodules, cysts

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3
Q

pilosebaceous unit

A

τριχοσμηγματογόνου μονάδας

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4
Q

acne - found in / treatment

A

face and trunk

treatment: treatment: retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics

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5
Q

atopic dermatitis is also called

A

eczema

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6
Q

atopic dermatitis (eczema) - appearance

A

pruritic eruption

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7
Q

atopic dermatitis (eczema) is found in (areas of the body) ….

A

skin flexures

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8
Q

atopic dermatitis (eczema) is often associated with

A

other atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food alergies)

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9
Q 
atopic dermatitis (eczema) usually starts .... 
thereafter
A

on the face in infancy and often appears in antecubital fossae thereafter

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10
Q

atopic dermatitis (eczema) - hypersensitivity reaction

A

type 1 –> increased serum IgE

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11
Q

allergic contact dermatitis - pathophysiology

A

type IV hypersensitivity reaction that follows exposure to allergen

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12
Q

allergic contact dermatitis - lession occurs at (area of the body)

A

the side of contact with the allergens

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13
Q

allergic contact dermatitis - example of allergens

A
  1. nickel
  2. poison ivy
  3. neomycin
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14
Q

Melanocytic nevus is a

A

common mole

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15
Q

common mole?

A

Melanocytic nevus

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16
Q

Melanocytic nevus - course

A

benign, but melanoma can arise in congenital or atypical moles

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17
Q

Melanocytic nevus - types according location (and where)

A
  • junctional nevus (junction between the epidermis and dermis)
  • intradermal nevi (in the dermis)
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18
Q

intradermal Melanocytic nevus - macroscopic appearance

A

papular

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19
Q

junctional Melanocytic nevus - macroscopic appearance

A

flat macule

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20
Q

psoriasis appearance

A

papules and plaques with silvery scaling

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21
Q

psoriasis - MC area of the body

A

knees and elbows

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22
Q

psoriasis - microscopic appearance

A
  • acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling
  • increased stratum spinosum
  • decreased stratum granulosoum
  • Munro abscesses
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23
Q

psoriasis can be associated with

A
  1. nail pitting

2. psoriatic arthritis

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24
Q

psoriasis sign - sign

A

Auspitz sign

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25
Q

Auspitz sign? (and when)

A

psoriasis - pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off

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26
Q

rosacea in greek

A

ροδόχρους ακμή

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27
Q

rosacea - macroscopic appearance

A

erythematous papules and pustules, but no comedones

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28
Q

rosacea is an …. disorder

A

inflammatory FACIAL skin disorder

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29
Q

rosacea may be associated with

A

facial flushing in response to external stimuli (eg. alcohol, heat)

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30
Q

rosacea - chronic inflammatory changes may result in

A

rhinophyma

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31
Q

rhinophyma - definition

A

bulbous deformation of nose

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32
Q

varrucae are

A

warts

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33
Q

varrucae (warts) appearance

A

soft, tan-colored, cauliflower-like papules

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34
Q

varrucae (warts) are caused by

A

HPV

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35
Q

varrucae (warts) - microscopic appearance

A
  • epidermal hyperplasia
  • hyperkeratosis
  • koilocytosis
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36
Q

varrucae (warts) on genitals

A

condyloma acuminatum

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37
Q

urticaria AKA

A

hives

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38
Q

urticaria (hives) - macroscopic appearance

A

pruritic wheals

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39
Q

urticaria (hives) - mechanism

A

mast cell degranulation

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40
Q

urticaria (hives) is characterised by (microscopic)

A
  1. superficial dermal edema

2. lymphatic channel dilation

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41
Q

urticaria (hives) are frequently caused by

A

allergic reactions

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42
Q

Seborrheic keratosis in greek

A

σμηγματορροϊκή κεράτωση

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43
Q

Seborrheic keratosis - appearance (macro and microscopic)

A

flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin filled cysts (horn cysts)

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44
Q

Seborrheic keratosis - cyst?

A

keratin filled cysts (horn cysts)

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45
Q

Seborrheic keratosis - it looks

A

stuck on

46
Q

Seborrheic keratosis - area in the body

A
  1. head
  2. trunk
  3. extremities
47
Q

Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign neoplasm of (age)

A

older persons

48
Q

Leser-Trelat sign

A

sudden appearance of multiple Seborrheic keratosis, indicating an underlying malignancy (eg. GI, lymphoid)

49
Q

skin infections are divided to

A
  1. bacterial skin infections

2. viral skin infections

50
Q

viral skin infections - types

A
  1. herpes
  2. molluscum contagiosum
  3. varicella zoster virus
  4. hairy leukoplakia
  5. verrucae (warts)
51
Q

herpes include (types)

A
  1. herpes labialis (lip)
  2. herpes genitalis
  3. herpes whitlow (finger)
52
Q

herpes whitlow - area

A

fingers

53
Q

herpes is caused by

A

herpes virus infection (HSV1 and HSV2)

54
Q

herpes virus infection can occur (location)

A

anywhere from mucosal surface to normal skin

55
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by

A

poxvirus

56
Q

Molluscum contagiosum - appearance

A

umbilicated (depressed) papules

57
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is seen in (ages)

A
  • frequently in children

- it may be sexually transmitted in adults

58
Q

Hairy leukoplakia - type of pain

A

painless

59
Q

Hairy leukoplakia - appearance

A

irregular, white painless plaques on tongue that cannot be scrapped off

60
Q

hairy leukoplakia is caused by

A

its EBV mediated

occurs in HIV + or organ transplant recipients

61
Q

hairy leukoplakia occurs in

A

HIV + or organ transplant recipients

62
Q

hairy leukoplakia - differential diagnosis

A
  1. thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)

2. leukoplakia

63
Q

hairy leukoplakia vs thrush

A

thrush is scrapable

64
Q

hairy leukoplakia vs oral leukoplakia

A

oral leukoplakia is precancerous

65
Q

VZV causes

A

varicella (chickenbox) and zoster (shingles)

66
Q

varicella presents with

A

multiple crops of lesions in various stages from vesicles to crusts

67
Q

Zoster is a

A

reactivation of the virus (VZV) in dermatomal distribution (unless it is disseminated)

68
Q

zoster - distribution?

A

in dermatomal distribution (unless it is disseminated)

69
Q

bacterial skin infections - types

A
  1. impetigo
  2. cellulitis
  3. erysipelas
  4. abscess
  5. Necrotizing fascitis
  6. staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
70
Q

impetigo?

A

very superficial skin (bacterial) infection

71
Q

impetigo is caused by

A

usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes

72
Q

impetigo - appearance

A

honey colored crusting

73
Q

bullous impetigo has

A

bullae

74
Q

bullous impetigo is caused by

A

S aureus

75
Q

impetigo - special feature

A

it is highly contagious

76
Q

cellulitis is caused by

A

usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes

77
Q

cellulitis?

A

acute, painful, spreading infection of deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues

78
Q

cellulitis often starts

A

with a break in skin from trauma or another infection

79
Q

erysipelas is caused by

A

usually S. pyogenes

80
Q

erysipelas (histological area)

A

infection involving upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

81
Q

erysipelas - appearance

A

well-defined demarcation between infected and normal skin

82
Q

skin abscess?

A

collection of pus from a walled of infection

83
Q

skin abscess (histological area)

A

deeper layers of the skin

84
Q

skin abscess - is caused by

A

almost always S. aureus which is frequently methcillin resistant

85
Q

cellulitis (histological area)

A

deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues

86
Q

necrotizing fascitis - definition and causes

A

deeper tissue injury, usually from anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes

87
Q

necrotizing fascitis is caused by

A

usually from anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes

88
Q

necrotizing fascitis AKA

A

flesh eating bacteria

89
Q

necrotizing fascitis - appearance

A

bullae and purple color to the skin

90
Q

necrotizing fascitis - sensation (mechanism)

A

crepitus (methane and CO2 production)

91
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - mechanism

A

exotoxin (exofliative) destroys keratinocytes attachments in stratum granulosum ONLY

92
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - symptoms

A
  1. fever

2. generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the epidermis that heals completely

93
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - seen in

A
  1. newborns
  2. children
  3. adults with renal insufficiency
94
Q

toxic dermal necrolysis - mechanism

A

destroys epidermal dermal junction

95
Q

toxic dermal necrolysis vs staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome according mechanism

A

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome –> exotoxin destroys keratinocytes attachments in stratum granulosum
toxic dermal necrolysis –> destroys epidermal dermal junction

96
Q

highly contagious skin infection

A

impetigo

97
Q

umbilicated papules - situation

A

Molluscum contagiosum

98
Q

cellulitis - (histological area)

A

deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues

99
Q

skin infection - streptococcus pyogenes can cause

A
  1. impetigo
  2. cellulitis
  3. Erysipelas
  4. Necrotizing fascitis
100
Q

skin infection - staphylococcus aureus can cause

A
  1. impetigo
  2. cellulitis
  3. Abscess
  4. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
101
Q

skin abscess is caused by

A

almost always S. aureus

102
Q

necrotizing fascitis is caused by

A

S. pyogenous or anaerobic baceria

103
Q

cellulitis is caused by

A

S. pyogenous or S. aureus

104
Q

condition that increases the risk for impetigo

A

sunburn

105
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - sign

A

Nikolsky + sign

106
Q

molluscum contagiosum - histology

A

cytoplasmic inclusion in keratinicytes

107
Q

psoriasis - genetic or environmental?

A

both: HLA-C

lesion arises in area of trauma

108
Q

psoriasis treatment

A
  1. corticosteroids
  2. UV light with psoralen
  3. immune modulating therapy
109
Q

acne - hormone associated?

A

sebaceous glands have androgens receptors –> excess keratin production that block follicles

110
Q

contact dermatitis - treatment

A

removal of the offending agent

topical glucocorticoids

dermatology (9 decks)

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