Common skin disorders / skin infections Flashcards
1
Q
acne - MC in (age)
A
MC in adolescents but can occur at any age
2
Q
acne - pathophysiology / appearance
A
pilosebaceous follicles with increased sebum, keratin Propionubacterium acnes –> obstruction (comedones) and inflammation (papupes/pustules, nodules, cysts
3
Q
pilosebaceous unit
A
τριχοσμηγματογόνου μονάδας
4
Q
acne - found in / treatment
A
face and trunk
treatment: treatment: retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics
5
Q
atopic dermatitis is also called
A
eczema
6
Q
atopic dermatitis (eczema) - appearance
A
pruritic eruption
7
Q
atopic dermatitis (eczema) is found in (areas of the body) ….
A
skin flexures
8
Q
atopic dermatitis (eczema) is often associated with
A
other atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food alergies)
9
Q
atopic dermatitis (eczema) usually starts .... thereafter
A
on the face in infancy and often appears in antecubital fossae thereafter
10
Q
atopic dermatitis (eczema) - hypersensitivity reaction
A
type 1 –> increased serum IgE
11
Q
allergic contact dermatitis - pathophysiology
A
type IV hypersensitivity reaction that follows exposure to allergen
12
Q
allergic contact dermatitis - lession occurs at (area of the body)
A
the side of contact with the allergens
13
Q
allergic contact dermatitis - example of allergens
A
- nickel
- poison ivy
- neomycin
14
Q
Melanocytic nevus is a
A
common mole
15
Q
common mole?
A
Melanocytic nevus
16
Q
Melanocytic nevus - course
A
benign, but melanoma can arise in congenital or atypical moles
17
Q
Melanocytic nevus - types according location (and where)
A
- junctional nevus (junction between the epidermis and dermis)
- intradermal nevi (in the dermis)
18
Q
intradermal Melanocytic nevus - macroscopic appearance
A
papular
19
Q
junctional Melanocytic nevus - macroscopic appearance
A
flat macule
20
Q
psoriasis appearance
A
papules and plaques with silvery scaling
21
Q
psoriasis - MC area of the body
A
knees and elbows
22
Q
psoriasis - microscopic appearance
A
- acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling
- increased stratum spinosum
- decreased stratum granulosoum
- Munro abscesses
23
Q
psoriasis can be associated with
A
- nail pitting
2. psoriatic arthritis
24
Q
psoriasis sign - sign
A
Auspitz sign
25
Auspitz sign? (and when)
psoriasis - pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off
26
rosacea in greek
ροδόχρους ακμή
27
rosacea - macroscopic appearance
erythematous papules and pustules, but no comedones
28
rosacea is an .... disorder
inflammatory FACIAL skin disorder
29
rosacea may be associated with
facial flushing in response to external stimuli (eg. alcohol, heat)
30
rosacea - chronic inflammatory changes may result in
rhinophyma
31
rhinophyma - definition
bulbous deformation of nose
32
varrucae are
warts
33
varrucae (warts) appearance
soft, tan-colored, cauliflower-like papules
34
varrucae (warts) are caused by
HPV
35
varrucae (warts) - microscopic appearance
- epidermal hyperplasia
- hyperkeratosis
- koilocytosis
36
varrucae (warts) on genitals
condyloma acuminatum
37
urticaria AKA
hives
38
urticaria (hives) - macroscopic appearance
pruritic wheals
39
urticaria (hives) - mechanism
mast cell degranulation
40
urticaria (hives) is characterised by (microscopic)
1. superficial dermal edema
| 2. lymphatic channel dilation
41
urticaria (hives) are frequently caused by
allergic reactions
42
Seborrheic keratosis in greek
σμηγματορροϊκή κεράτωση
43
Seborrheic keratosis - appearance (macro and microscopic)
flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin filled cysts (horn cysts)
44
Seborrheic keratosis - cyst?
keratin filled cysts (horn cysts)
45
Seborrheic keratosis - it looks
stuck on
46
Seborrheic keratosis - area in the body
1. head
2. trunk
3. extremities
47
Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign neoplasm of (age)
older persons
48
Leser-Trelat sign
sudden appearance of multiple Seborrheic keratosis, indicating an underlying malignancy (eg. GI, lymphoid)
49
skin infections are divided to
1. bacterial skin infections
| 2. viral skin infections
50
viral skin infections - types
1. herpes
2. molluscum contagiosum
3. varicella zoster virus
4. hairy leukoplakia
5. verrucae (warts)
51
herpes include (types)
1. herpes labialis (lip)
2. herpes genitalis
3. herpes whitlow (finger)
52
herpes whitlow - area
fingers
53
herpes is caused by
herpes virus infection (HSV1 and HSV2)
54
herpes virus infection can occur (location)
anywhere from mucosal surface to normal skin
55
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by
poxvirus
56
Molluscum contagiosum - appearance
umbilicated (depressed) papules
57
Molluscum contagiosum is seen in (ages)
- frequently in children
| - it may be sexually transmitted in adults
58
Hairy leukoplakia - type of pain
painless
59
Hairy leukoplakia - appearance
irregular, white painless plaques on tongue that cannot be scrapped off
60
hairy leukoplakia is caused by
its EBV mediated
| occurs in HIV + or organ transplant recipients
61
hairy leukoplakia occurs in
HIV + or organ transplant recipients
62
hairy leukoplakia - differential diagnosis
1. thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)
| 2. leukoplakia
63
hairy leukoplakia vs thrush
thrush is scrapable
64
hairy leukoplakia vs oral leukoplakia
oral leukoplakia is precancerous
65
VZV causes
varicella (chickenbox) and zoster (shingles)
66
varicella presents with
multiple crops of lesions in various stages from vesicles to crusts
67
Zoster is a
reactivation of the virus (VZV) in dermatomal distribution (unless it is disseminated)
68
zoster - distribution?
in dermatomal distribution (unless it is disseminated)
69
bacterial skin infections - types
1. impetigo
2. cellulitis
3. erysipelas
4. abscess
5. Necrotizing fascitis
6. staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
70
impetigo?
very superficial skin (bacterial) infection
71
impetigo is caused by
usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes
72
impetigo - appearance
honey colored crusting
73
bullous impetigo has
bullae
74
bullous impetigo is caused by
S aureus
75
impetigo - special feature
it is highly contagious
76
cellulitis is caused by
usually S. aureus or S. pyogenes
77
cellulitis?
acute, painful, spreading infection of deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues
78
cellulitis often starts
with a break in skin from trauma or another infection
79
erysipelas is caused by
usually S. pyogenes
80
erysipelas (histological area)
infection involving upper dermis and superficial lymphatics
81
erysipelas - appearance
well-defined demarcation between infected and normal skin
82
skin abscess?
collection of pus from a walled of infection
83
skin abscess (histological area)
deeper layers of the skin
84
skin abscess - is caused by
almost always S. aureus which is frequently methcillin resistant
85
cellulitis (histological area)
deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues
86
necrotizing fascitis - definition and causes
deeper tissue injury, usually from anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
87
necrotizing fascitis is caused by
usually from anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes
88
necrotizing fascitis AKA
flesh eating bacteria
89
necrotizing fascitis - appearance
bullae and purple color to the skin
90
necrotizing fascitis - sensation (mechanism)
crepitus (methane and CO2 production)
91
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - mechanism
exotoxin (exofliative) destroys keratinocytes attachments in stratum granulosum ONLY
92
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - symptoms
1. fever
| 2. generalized erythematous rash with sloughing of the upper layers of the epidermis that heals completely
93
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - seen in
1. newborns
2. children
3. adults with renal insufficiency
94
toxic dermal necrolysis - mechanism
destroys epidermal dermal junction
95
toxic dermal necrolysis vs staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome according mechanism
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome --> exotoxin destroys keratinocytes attachments in stratum granulosum
toxic dermal necrolysis --> destroys epidermal dermal junction
96
highly contagious skin infection
impetigo
97
umbilicated papules - situation
Molluscum contagiosum
98
cellulitis - (histological area)
deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues
99
skin infection - streptococcus pyogenes can cause
1. impetigo
2. cellulitis
3. Erysipelas
4. Necrotizing fascitis
100
skin infection - staphylococcus aureus can cause
1. impetigo
2. cellulitis
3. Abscess
4. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
101
skin abscess is caused by
almost always S. aureus
102
necrotizing fascitis is caused by
S. pyogenous or anaerobic baceria
103
cellulitis is caused by
S. pyogenous or S. aureus
104
condition that increases the risk for impetigo
sunburn
105
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome - sign
Nikolsky + sign
106
molluscum contagiosum - histology
cytoplasmic inclusion in keratinicytes
107
psoriasis - genetic or environmental?
both: HLA-C
| lesion arises in area of trauma
108
psoriasis treatment
1. corticosteroids
2. UV light with psoralen
3. immune modulating therapy
109
acne - hormone associated?
sebaceous glands have androgens receptors --> excess keratin production that block follicles
110
contact dermatitis - treatment
removal of the offending agent
| topical glucocorticoids
