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dermatology > histology and terminology of skin/epitelial cell junction/pigmented skin disorders > Flashcards

histology and terminology of skin/epitelial cell junction/pigmented skin disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

skin has … (number) layers

A

3

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2
Q

skin layers:

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. subcutaneous fat (hypodermis or subcutis )
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3
Q

subcutaneous fat of skin is also called 3

A

hypodermis or subcutis

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4
Q

epidermis layers - from surface to base (only the names)

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. statum basale
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5
Q

epidermis layers - statum corneum is characterised by

A

keratin in anucleated cells

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6
Q

epidermis layers - stratum lucidum is characterised by

A

dead skin cells

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7
Q

epidermis layers - stratum granulosum is characterised by

A

granules in keratinocytes

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8
Q

epidermis layers - stratum spinosum is characterised by

A

desmosomes between keratinocytes

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9
Q

epidermis layers - stratum basale is characterised by

A

stem cells

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10
Q

skin function

A

barrier against environmental insults and fluid loss

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11
Q

dermis is seperated by epidermis by

A

basement membrane

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12
Q

dermis consists of

A

connective tissue, nerve ending, blood and lymphocyte vessels, adnexal structures

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13
Q

dermis - adnexal structures

A

hair shafts, sweat glands, sebacous glands

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14
Q

adnexal structures in greek

A

εξαρτηματικές δομές

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15
Q

epidermis layers - desmosomes between keratinocytes

A

stratum spinosum

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16
Q

epidermis layers - granules in keratinocytes

A

stratum granulosum

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17
Q

epidermis layers - dead skin cells

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

hyperkeratosis - definition

A

increased thickness of stratum corneum

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19
Q

examples of hyperkeratosis

A
  1. psoriasis

2. calluses

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20
Q

parakeratosis - definition

A

hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

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21
Q

parakeratosis - example

A

psoriasis

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22
Q

spongiosis - definition

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in inter-cellular spaces

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23
Q

spongiosis - example

A

eczematous dermatitis

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24
Q

acantholysis - definition

hypergranoulosis - definition

A

acantholysis: seperation of epidermal cells
hypergranoulosis: increased thickness of stratum granulosum

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25
Q

acantholysis example

hypergranoulosis - example

A

acantholysis: pemphigus vulgaris
hypergranoulosis: liches planus

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26
Q

acanthosis - definition

A

epidermal hyperplasia (increased spinosum)

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27
Q

acanthosis - example

A

acanthosis nigricans

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28
Q

patch - definition

A

flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin color, >1 cm (macule but >1cm)

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29
Q

macule -definition

A

flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin color less than 1 cm

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30
Q

patch example

A

large birthmark (congenital nevus)

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31
Q

papule - definition

A

elevated solid skin lesion

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32
Q

papule example

A
  1. mole (nevus)

2. acne

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33
Q

plaque - definition

A

elevated solid skin lesion more than 1cm (papule but more than 1cm)

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34
Q

plaque - example

A

psoriasis

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35
Q

vesicle - definition

A

small fluid containing blister less than 1 cm

36
Q

bulla - definition

A

large fluid containing blister more than 1cm

37
Q

bulla example

A

bullous pemphigoid

38
Q

vesicle - examples

A

chickenbox (varicella)

shingles

39
Q

wheal - definition

A

transient smooth papule or plaque

40
Q

wheal - example

A

Hives (urticaria)

41
Q

pustule - definition

A

vesicle containing pus

42
Q

pustule - example

A

pustular psoriasis

43
Q

scale - definition

A

flaking off of stratum corneum

44
Q

scale - example

A

eczema
psoriasis
SCC

45
Q

crust - definition

A

dry exudate

46
Q

crust - example

A

impetigo

47
Q

transient smooth papule or plaque - terminology

A

wheal

48
Q

dry exudate in skin - terminology

A

crust

49
Q

epidermal hyperplasia (increased spinosum) - terminology

A

acanthosis

50
Q

increased thickness of stratum granulosum - terminology

A

hypergranulosis

51
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - types (from apical to basolateral nmz) and there other names

A
  1. Tight junction (zonula occludens)
  2. Adherens junction (belt desmosome, zonule adherens)
  3. Desmosome (spot desmosome, macule adherens)
  4. Gap junction
  5. Hemidesmosome
  6. Integrins
52
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - tight junctions are also called

A

zona occludens

53
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - tight junctions are composed of

A

claudins and occludins

54
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - tight junctions - function

A

prevents paracellular movement of solutes

55
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - adherent junction location

A

below tight junction

56
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - adherent junction function/structure

A

forms belt connecting actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells with cadherins (E-cadherin and actin filaments)

57
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - cadherins characteristic of their action

A

Ca2+-depended adhesion proteins

58
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - loss of E-cadherins –>

A

metastasis

59
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - Desmosomes are also called

A

macula adherens / spot desmosomes

60
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - desmosomes - location

A

stratum spinosum

61
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - desmosomes - function/structure

A

structural support via keratin interactions (keratin and demsoplakin)

62
Q

disease associated with desmosomes

A

autoantibodies against desmosomes –> pemphigus vulgaris

63
Q

autoantibodies against desmosomes –>

A

pemphigus vulgaris

64
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - gap juctions - structure

A

connexons (channel proteins)

65
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - gap juctions - function

A

permit electrical and chemical communication between cells

66
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - hemidesmosomes - location

A

between basal cells and basement membrane

67
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - hemidesmosomes - function

A

connects keratin in basal cells to underling membrane

68
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - hemidesmosomes related disease

A

autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes –> bullous pemphigoid

69
Q

autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes –>

A

bullous pemphigoid

70
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - integrins - function/structure

A

membrane proteins that maintain integrity of basolateral membrane by binding to collagen and laminin in basement membrane

71
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - desmosomes structure

A

keratin and desmoplakin

72
Q

Epithelial cell junctions - adherens junction - structure

A

E-cadherin and actin filaments

73
Q

pigmented skin disorders - types

A
  1. Albinism
  2. Melasma
  3. Vitiligo
74
Q

albinism - mechanism (not the causes)

A

normal melanocyte number with decreased production of melanin

75
Q

causes of albinism

A
  1. decreased tyrosinase activity
  2. defective tyrosine transport
  3. failure of neural crest cell migration during development
76
Q

albinism increases the risk of

A

skin cancer

77
Q

melasma is also called

A

chloasma

78
Q

melasma (chloasma) appearance

A

hyperpigmentation

79
Q

melasma is …. associated with ….

A

hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy (mask of pregnancy) or OCP use

80
Q

melsasma (chloasma) associated with pregnancy is also called

A

mask of pregnancy

81
Q

vitiligo - appearance

A

irregular areas of complete depigmentation

82
Q

vitiligo is caused by

A

autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

83
Q

epithelial cell junction - zonula occludens

A

tight junction

84
Q

epithelial cell junction - zonula adherens

A

adherens junction

85
Q

epithelial cell junction - macula adherens

A

desmosome

86
Q

spongiosis - definition

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in inter-cellular spaces

87
Q

macule example

A

Frenkle

labial macule

dermatology (9 decks)

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