other

Question 1

acrochondrons

Answer 1

(aka skins tags): pedunculated outgrowths of normal skin that are commonly present on regions affected by acanthosis nigricans

Question 2

Asboe-Hansen sign

Answer 2

bullae spread laterally when pressure is applied on the top (pemphigus vulgaris)

Question 3

Stewart Treves syndrome

Answer 3

cutaneous angiosarcoma 2ry to chronic lymphedema

Question 4

Connexin defects do underilie some specific forms of

Answer 4

palmoplantar keratoderma or deafness associated ichthyosis

Question 5

Autoantibodies against cutaneous basement membrane protein

Answer 5

epidermolysis bulosa acquisita (forms tesne acral bullae) and cicatricial pehugoid (causes chronic conjunctiva + scarring)

Question 6

cafe au lait spotes - histology

Answer 6

increased melanosomes aggregates within melatocytes

Question 7

postinflammatory hypopigmentation

Answer 7

redistribution of existing melanin within the skin (associated with reduced transfer of melanin in keratinocytes)

Question 8

Toblestone cells

Answer 8

along basal layer in pemphigus vulgaris

Question 9

gluten enteropathy - age of rash

Answer 9

40-50

Question 10

most important prognostic factor for melanoma

Answer 10

Depth of invasion (Breslow thickness: distance from epidermal granular cell layer to the deepest visible melanoma cell)

Question 11

aggressive and destructive arthritis of psoriasis

Answer 11

arthritis mutilants

Question 12

melanoma in situ (and special characteristics in histology)

Answer 12

lentigno maligna (contain mulinucleated giant melanocytes)

Question 13

type of melanocytic nevi - according to location

Answer 13

1. junctional: along dermoepidermal junction (flat)
2. Compound nevi: nevus cells exnted into dermis - epidermal + dermal involvement (raised papiles)
3. Intradermal: nevi in the dermis + raised (lose of tyrosinase activity –> little or no pigmented)

Question 14

aggressive and destructive arthritis of psoriasis

Answer 14

arthritis mutilants

Question 15

categories of xanthomas

Answer 15

1. eruptive xamthomas (yellow papules that abruptly appear wen plasma TG and lipids increase)
2. tuberous and tendinous xanthomas
3. plane xanthomas (lienar lesions in skin folds, associated with primary biliary cirrhosis)
4. xanthalesma (soft eyelid or perioribital, not associated with lipid abnormalities)

Question 16

Marjolin’s ulcer?

Answer 16

it is an aggressive, ulcerating squamous cell carinoma that presents in an areia of previously traumatised, chronically inlamef, or scarred skin (more than 10 years after initial trauma)

Question 17

spider angiomas - presentation

Answer 17

bright red central papule surrounded by several outwardly radiating vessels that blanch with pressure and refill centrifugally uppon release
(associated with increased estrogen states)

Question 18

Ecchymoses frequently indicate

Answer 18

a deep hemorrhage (hematoma due to bony fracture, ligamentous rupture, or mucular injury –> they do not blanch under pressure as the RBCs are not contained within the vasculature

Question 19

petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymoses according to size

Answer 19

1. less than 5 mm
2. 5mm - 1 cm
3. more than 1 cm

Question 20

molloscum bodies?

Answer 20

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions due to molluscum contagiosum infection

Question 21

mutated BRAF in melanoma - action (vs normal)

Answer 21

activation of BRAF (independent to NRAS) –> nuclear replication –> increased cellular growth, differentiation, survival –> metastasis
in normal melanocutes –> NRAS –> BRAF –> …..

Question 22

intertigo?

Answer 22

well defined erythematous plaques with satellite vesiclees or pustules in warm, moist skin areas - due to Candida after antibiotic use or immunocompromised (esp uncontrolled diabetes)

Question 23

skin dyskeratosis

Answer 23

premature keratinization of indicudual keratinozutes below the stratum granulosum

Question 24

chronic exposure of an type 4 hypresensitivity induced antigen

Answer 24

acantosis + hyperkeratosis

Question 25

primay of HIV - area of maculopopular rash

Answer 25

everywhere (and palm + sole)

Question 26

cutaneous small vessel vasculitis?

Answer 26

affects only skin, arises due to drug (eps penicillins) or pathogen exposure biopsy: neutrophils (in first day) + mononuclear cells (in older lesions

Question 27

Seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 27

common inflammatory condition characterised by accumulation of scaly, greasy skin on the scalp, face, ears, eyelids + eyebrows severe in HIV + Parkinson

Question 28

intergluteal piloidal disease

Answer 28

it is an azquired skin infection invovling the upper natal cleft od the buttocks - it may present with drainage sinus tract

Question 29

local cutaneous adcverse effect of chronic topical corticosteroid administration

Answer 29

atrophy/thinning of the dermis (loss of dermal collagen, drying, tightening of the skin, telangiectasias, ecchymoses)

Question 30

Dress syndrome - presenation/due to

Answer 30

presentation: fever, generalized lymphadenopahty, facial edema,, diffuse morbilliform skin rash, eosinophylia, atypical lymphocytes, increasd lier enzymes due to: antiepileptics, ALLOPURINOL, sulfonamides, antibiotics

Question 31

SLE vs drug induces lupus according to manifestation

Answer 31

drug induced lacks tha usual cutaneous manifestation (eg. malar rash and is rarely associated with neuroogic or renal complications

Question 32

ephelides?

Answer 32

aka freckles --> at sun exposed areas --> by increased melanin production

Question 33

skin manifestation of Reactive arthritis

Answer 33

keratoderma blennorrhagicum

Question 34

Clostiridum perfinges effect on skin

Answer 34

toxin --> binds claudin --> interferes tight junctions --> water loss from tissue to the intestitial lumen --> watery diarrhea

Question 35

HPV infection - according to type

Answer 35

1-4 --> skin warts 6, 11 --> genital warts (condylomata acuminatum) 16, 18 cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal neoplasia

Question 36

koilocyte histology

Answer 36

immature squamous cell with dense, irregularly staining cystoplasm + perinuclear clearing, resulting in HALO also enlarged pyknotic nucleus --> aidinoid appearance

Question 37

skin - lucidum - location

Answer 37

present only in PALMOPLANTAR SKIN (palms and soles) - GLABROUS