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modalities > Skin Assessment > Flashcards

Skin Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Key functions of skin (5)

A

protection
sensation
thermoregulation
excretion of sweat
vitamin D synthesis

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2
Q

what are the two layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

the epidermis and the dermis are connected by the….

A

epidermal - dermal junction
AKA: basement membrane zone

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4
Q

The epidermis has _____ layers

A

5

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5
Q

T or F: the epidermis is vascular

A

F: it’s avascular

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6
Q

primary functions of epidermis

A
  • protection from water loss
  • maintain skin integrity from physical barriers
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7
Q

what layer is affected in blister formation

A

epidermal - dermal junction
*this layer flattens with age and increases risk of skin injury

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8
Q

dermis is divided into what two layers

A

papillary dermis
reticular dermis

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9
Q

primary function of the dermis

A

provide tensile strength, support, moisture retention, and blood/O2 to skin
protect muscle, bone, and organs

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10
Q

what attaches dermis to underlying structures and acts as a cushion between skin layers, muscles, and bones?

A

hypodermis

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11
Q

primary function of hypodermis

A
  • promote blood supply to the dermis
  • promote skin mobility and insulate body
  • is a ready reserve of energy
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12
Q

this separates muscle from subcutaneous fat

A

fascia

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13
Q

T orF: muscle is the most sensitive to ischemia

A

T: b/c it has the greatest demand for O2

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14
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by fluid in your body’s tissue

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15
Q

Questions to ask yourself when it comes to edema (3)

A

is there edema?
what kind of edema?
what is the cause of it?

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16
Q

what are some changes that can happen with nails? (5)

A

thickening
fungus
discoloration
ingrown
overgrown

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17
Q

when looking at skin what should be evaluated? (7)

A
  • pigmentation
  • tissue mobility (should not be adhered)
  • skin turgor
  • texture (should be smooth)
  • temperature
  • hair patterns
  • hidrosis
    be sure to compare both sides
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18
Q

pruritus

A
  • severe itching
  • can be localized or generalized
  • acute or chronic
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19
Q

urticaria (what is it, what causes it)

A
  • hives
  • itching with rash
  • call be allergic reaction or immunological
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20
Q

xeroderma (what is it, what causes it)

A
  • dry skin
  • caused by frequent hand washing, Vit A or D deficiency, sunburn, meds, systemic illness
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21
Q

dermatitis (what is it, what causes it)

A
  • inflammation of the skin w/ itching, redness, and skin lesions
  • most common cause = contact dermatitis from common irritants (ex. household cleaners)
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22
Q

mathicillin-resistant stapylococcus - aureus (MRSA)

A

bacterial infection where skin presents with sores or boils

23
Q

who is most at risk for MRSA

A

those that share close quarters or have more skin-to-skin contact (athletes, inmates, daycares)

24
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores on the face, especially around nose and mouth
** highly contagious

25
Q

impetigo usually affect what population? treatment?

A
  • infants and children
  • usually clears on its own in 2-3 weeks but may have antibiotic
26
Q

cellulitis usually occurs through what

A

a break in the skin

27
Q

T or F: cellulitis should be treated with antibiotics

A

T: because if not, it can spread to the blood or lymph nodes

28
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus that develops in response to infection

29
Q

how is an abscess treated?

A

incision and drainage

30
Q

most commonly, herpes simplex 1 occurs ______ the waist and HSV-2 occurs ____ the waist

A

above, below

31
Q

symptoms of HSV usually develop _______ to ______ days after contact with the virus

A

2 to 20

32
Q

shingles

A

pain, blistering skin rash due to the variclla-zoster virus (chicken pox)

33
Q

shingles can occur at any age but you are more likely to develop them if… (3)

A

1 - you are older than 60
2 - had chicken pox before age 1
3 - immune system is weak

34
Q

warts

A
  • harmless growth caused by HPV
  • most go away on their own
  • easily spread by direct contact
35
Q

what is ringworm caused by?

A

fungus
** highly contagious by skin to skin contact

36
Q

athlete’s foot

A

microscopic fungus that lives on dead tissue of the hair, toenails, and outer skin layers

36
Q

scabies

A
  • parasitic mites burrow into the skin and cause intense itching that’s worse at night
  • transmitted by skin to skin contact
37
Q

lice

A

pediculosis, live on the body (head, body, or pubis)

38
Q

psoriasis

A
  • chronic, autoimmune disease
  • associated with other health conditions like DM, CVD
39
Q

most common type of psoriasis

A

plaque psoriasis
*appears as raised, red patches covered with a white buildup of dead skin

40
Q

lupus

A

autoimmune disease
*skin symptoms in >90%

41
Q

is lupus more common in men or women

A

women

42
Q

scleroderma

A

chronic autoimmune disease that involves hardening and thickening of the skin
*can be localized (skin only) or systemic (internal organs)

43
Q

is there a cure for scleroderma

A

no, but treatment can relieve symptoms

44
Q

T or F: skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the US

A

T

45
Q

2 more common types of skin cancer

A

basal cell and squamous cell

46
Q

skin ABCDE

A

A - asymmetry
B - border
C - color
D - diameter
E - evolution

47
Q

is the skin broken with a contusion

A

no

48
Q

eccymosis

A

a small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or mucous membrane

49
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin

50
Q

what is a common cause of petechiae

A

low platelet count

51
Q

abrasion

A

wearing away of the upper layer of skin as a result of friction

52
Q

laceration

A

tearing of skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by blunt impacts

modalities (7 decks)

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