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BMS 1001 > Skin & Appendages > Flashcards

Skin & Appendages Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major parts of the Integument system?

A

Skin

Skin Derivatives

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2
Q

What is another name for the oily glands?

A

Sebaceous glands

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Cutaneous (skin) Membrane as well as the name of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypo-dermis

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4
Q

What are the 5 function’s of the Integument system?

A
  • Protection,
  • Excretion - Salts etc
  • Thermal regulation
  • Energy stores
  • Hormonal function
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5
Q

Regarding the embryo, what layer of cells did the epidermis come from?

A

Extoderm

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6
Q

Regarding the embryo, what layer of cells did the dermis come from?

A

Mesoderm

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7
Q

What are the 2 locations in which epithelium takes a different name?

A

Vascular system - Endothelium

Cavities - Mesothelium

Endothelium and mesothelium is Epithelium ‘like’

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8
Q

List some accessory structures?

A
  • Hair shaft
  • Pore of sweat gland
  • Duct
  • Arrector Pilli Muscle
  • Nerve fibers
  • Sebaceous Glands
  • Sweat glands
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9
Q

Name the two different types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and apocrine glands

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10
Q

Features of Eccrine glands

A

More abundant, Found on the palms, forehead, soles of your feet. Start in the dermis, simple coiled structures and extend through a duct.

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11
Q

Features of Apocrine sweat glands

A

Less in number approx, 2000. Start excreting about puberty onto hair follicles around armpits and groin. More viscus sweat carries an odor due to bacteria

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12
Q

name two types of modifed apocrine sweat glands

A

Mammary glands Ceruminous Glands (ear wax)

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13
Q

Name the Oily glands?

A

Sebaceous Glands

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14
Q

What are the features of the oil glands?

A

Found everywhere bar the thick skin - Attached to hair follicles where they secrete there sebum.

Causes spots when they get blocked.

Helps moisture and soften and slow water loss from the skin.

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15
Q

Is the epithelium vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular - no blood

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16
Q

What are the names of the 4 main epithelial cells in the body?

A

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Langerhands cell

Merkel’s cell

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17
Q

How many layers are present in the epidermis?

A

4 - 5 layers depending on thick skin or thin skin

18
Q

Why do some people have darker skin than others?

A

The amount of Melanine in the melanocytes differs

19
Q

What is the principla cell in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyes

20
Q

What layer would you find melanocytes in?

A

Stratum Basale

21
Q

What is the Skin associated Lympatic tissue?

A

This is tissue made up of T-Lymphocytes and langerhands cells

22
Q

What layer are keritanocytes made?

A

Stratum Basale

23
Q

How long dose it take for Keritocytes to make it to the top layer?

A

3-4 weeks. Once they push up to 3 cells from the base they stop dividing and then come to the surface, flattening as they go, until there flake like.

24
Q

How many layers are there in thin skin and thick skin?

A

4 in thin and 5 in thick

25
Q

What other cell will you find in the basal layer?

A

Melanoytes

26
Q

What is unique to the Stratum Spinosum layer?

A

All the keratinocytes look like they have spikes. This is there Desmosome junction.

27
Q

What other cell could you find in Stratum Spinousum layer?

A

Langerhans cell - the defence cell

28
Q

What are the names of the 5 layers found in the epidermis from the bottom up?

A
  • Starum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulousum
  • Stratum Lucideum
  • Stratum Corneum
29
Q

What is unique about the Stratum granulosum layer?

A

A darker layer where the cells begin to flatten.

Only one cell thick in thin skin or 3-5 layers in thick skin

30
Q

What are the function of the lamellated granules in the Keritinocytes of the Stratum granulosum?

A

They get expelled from the cell and is used as cement for the top layers.

31
Q

What is unique about strtum Lucidum

A

A transparent layer only found in thick skin.

32
Q

What is the name of the top layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Corneum

33
Q

What is the name of the two layers in the dermis?

A

Pappilary layer - closest to the Epidermis

Reticular layer - Loose connective tissue

34
Q

What is the name of the cells in the connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

35
Q

Is the connective tissue vascular or avascular?

A

Vascular

36
Q

What are the names of the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue?

A

Collagen

Elastin

Reticular

37
Q

Which has more cells, the pappilary layer of reticular layer?

A

Pappilary layer

38
Q

Where is the Hypodermis found?

A

Below ther Dermis.

39
Q

What is the Hydodermis made of?

A

Adipose tissue and adipose cells.

40
Q

What are the 3 things that can give our skin colour?

A

Melanin - made from the enzyme Tyrosine

Carotene - found in the stratum Corneum

Haemoglobin - Found in RBC’s

41
Q

List 5 things that create an abnormal skin colour?

A

Erythema -blushin

Paller - fear, stress

Jaundice - Liver condition

Bronzing - Addision disease

Haematoma - Bruise

42
Q

What is the function of the skin

A

Protection

Temperture regulation

Skin sensation

Metabolic Functions

Blood resivour

Excreation

BMS 1001 (18 decks)

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