Skin & Appendages

Question 1

What are the 2 major parts of the Integument system?

Answer 1

Skin

Skin Derivatives

Question 2

What is another name for the oily glands?

Answer 2

Sebaceous glands

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the Cutaneous (skin) Membrane as well as the name of the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypo-dermis

Question 4

What are the 5 function’s of the Integument system?

Answer 4

• Protection,
• Excretion - Salts etc
• Thermal regulation
• Energy stores
• Hormonal function

Question 5

Regarding the embryo, what layer of cells did the epidermis come from?

Answer 5

Extoderm

Question 6

Regarding the embryo, what layer of cells did the dermis come from?

Answer 6

Mesoderm

Question 7

What are the 2 locations in which epithelium takes a different name?

Answer 7

Vascular system - Endothelium

Cavities - Mesothelium

Endothelium and mesothelium is Epithelium ‘like’

Question 8

List some accessory structures?

Answer 8

• Hair shaft
• Pore of sweat gland
• Duct
• Arrector Pilli Muscle
• Nerve fibers
• Sebaceous Glands
• Sweat glands

Question 9

Name the two different types of sweat glands?

Answer 9

Eccrine and apocrine glands

Question 10

Features of Eccrine glands

Answer 10

More abundant, Found on the palms, forehead, soles of your feet. Start in the dermis, simple coiled structures and extend through a duct.

Question 11

Features of Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 11

Less in number approx, 2000. Start excreting about puberty onto hair follicles around armpits and groin. More viscus sweat carries an odor due to bacteria

Question 12

name two types of modifed apocrine sweat glands

Answer 12

Mammary glands Ceruminous Glands (ear wax)

Question 13

Name the Oily glands?

Answer 13

Sebaceous Glands

Question 14

What are the features of the oil glands?

Answer 14

Found everywhere bar the thick skin - Attached to hair follicles where they secrete there sebum.

Causes spots when they get blocked.

Helps moisture and soften and slow water loss from the skin.

Question 15

Is the epithelium vascular or avascular?

Answer 15

Avascular - no blood

Question 16

What are the names of the 4 main epithelial cells in the body?

Answer 16

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Langerhands cell

Merkel’s cell

Question 17

How many layers are present in the epidermis?

Answer 17

4 - 5 layers depending on thick skin or thin skin

Question 18

Why do some people have darker skin than others?

Answer 18

The amount of Melanine in the melanocytes differs

Question 19

What is the principla cell in the epidermis?

Answer 19

Keratinocyes

Question 20

What layer would you find melanocytes in?

Answer 20

Stratum Basale

Question 21

What is the Skin associated Lympatic tissue?

Answer 21

This is tissue made up of T-Lymphocytes and langerhands cells

Question 22

What layer are keritanocytes made?

Answer 22

Stratum Basale

Question 23

How long dose it take for Keritocytes to make it to the top layer?

Answer 23

3-4 weeks. Once they push up to 3 cells from the base they stop dividing and then come to the surface, flattening as they go, until there flake like.

Question 24

How many layers are there in thin skin and thick skin?

Answer 24

4 in thin and 5 in thick

Question 25

What other cell will you find in the basal layer?

Answer 25

Melanoytes

Question 26

What is unique to the Stratum Spinosum layer?

Answer 26

All the keratinocytes look like they have spikes. This is there Desmosome junction.

Question 27

What other cell could you find in Stratum Spinousum layer?

Answer 27

Langerhans cell - the defence cell

Question 28

What are the names of the 5 layers found in the epidermis from the bottom up?

Answer 28

* Starum Basale * Stratum Spinosum * Stratum Granulousum * Stratum Lucideum * Stratum Corneum

Question 29

What is unique about the Stratum granulosum layer?

Answer 29

A darker layer where the cells begin to flatten. Only one cell thick in thin skin or 3-5 layers in thick skin

Question 30

What are the function of the lamellated granules in the Keritinocytes of the Stratum granulosum?

Answer 30

They get expelled from the cell and is used as cement for the top layers.

Question 31

What is unique about strtum Lucidum

Answer 31

A transparent layer only found in thick skin.

Question 32

What is the name of the top layer of the epidermis?

Answer 32

Stratum Corneum

Question 33

What is the name of the two layers in the dermis?

Answer 33

Pappilary layer - closest to the Epidermis Reticular layer - Loose connective tissue

Question 34

What is the name of the cells in the connective tissue?

Answer 34

Fibroblasts

Question 35

Is the connective tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 35

Vascular

Question 36

What are the names of the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 36

Collagen Elastin Reticular

Question 37

Which has more cells, the pappilary layer of reticular layer?

Answer 37

Pappilary layer

Question 38

Where is the Hypodermis found?

Answer 38

Below ther Dermis.

Question 39

What is the Hydodermis made of?

Answer 39

Adipose tissue and adipose cells.

Question 40

What are the 3 things that can give our skin colour?

Answer 40

Melanin - made from the enzyme Tyrosine Carotene - found in the stratum Corneum Haemoglobin - Found in RBC's

Question 41

List 5 things that create an abnormal skin colour?

Answer 41

Erythema -blushin Paller - fear, stress Jaundice - Liver condition Bronzing - Addision disease Haematoma - Bruise

Question 42

What is the function of the skin

Answer 42

Protection Temperture regulation Skin sensation Metabolic Functions Blood resivour Excreation