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BMS 1001 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the nervous system?

A

1 Sensory input

  1. Integration
  2. Homeostasis
  3. Mental activity
  4. Control of skeletal muscle
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2
Q

What pathway does the sensory system use?

A

Ascending pathway

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles are supplied by what Nervous system?

A

Somatic NS

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4
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the spine?

A

26 - 7 cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal

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6
Q

How many nerves supply the Spine?

A

31 - 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Saccral, 1 coccygeal

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7
Q

What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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8
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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9
Q

What is the Afferent pathway?

A

It is the ascending pathway that takes information to the central nervous system

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10
Q

What is the efferent pathway?

A

It is the descending pathway that take motor information to the muscle and glands

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11
Q

Efferent NS is split into 2 categories, what are they?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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12
Q

What does the Somatic NS supply?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

What does the Autonomic NS Supply?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glands

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14
Q

What is the name of the neurotransmitter for the skeletal muscle and the Parasympathetic NS?

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

What is a Ganglia?

A

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.

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16
Q

What is the main difference between the Autonomic and Somatic NS?

A

The Autonomic is involuntary, the somatic is Voluntary.

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17
Q

The Autonomic NS is further divided, what are these categories?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

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18
Q

What are the main difference between Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

A

Sympathetic NS is ‘Fight or Flight’

Parasympathetic is ‘Rest and Digest’

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19
Q

What is the main physical differences between Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

A

With the Sympathetic NS, the ganglia are closer to the spinal cord, meaning they have a shorter Pre ganglia neuron and a longer post ganglia neuron. The Neurons leave in the mid spine.

The parasympathetic is the opposite, and leave at the brain stem and coccyx.

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20
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic NS?

A

noradrenaline

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21
Q

What is a ‘receptor’ and an ‘effector’?

A

A receptor is where a signal/impulse starts

Effector is the effect/reaction on the other side.

22
Q

What are the two nerve cells?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

23
Q

What does Neuroglia do?

A

It Supports the Neurons, Regulates there environment, and defends them from infection.

24
Q

What is the name given the RER in a neuron?

A

Nissl body

25
Q

Why would a Neuron contain lots of RER?

A

to make the neurotransmitter protein

26
Q

What is the name given to the small protrusion sometimes found on the axon?

A

Collateral

27
Q

What is the function of the microtubules found in the neuron?

A

To transport the Neurotransmitters.

28
Q

What are the 3 different types of Structural classification of Neurons?

A

Multipolar - many dendrites and one axon - motor neuron
Unipolar - One extension from the cell body - sensory neuron
Bipolar - One dendrite one axon - found in eyes, ears and nose.

29
Q

What is the name of the cell that make the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells - they are a neuroglia

30
Q

What is the name of the cell that makes the myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes these are a neuroglia

31
Q

Name 4 Neuroglia that are found in the CNS and give there functions ?

A

Oligodendrocytes (myliantion), Astroglia (keeping Blood Brain Barrier), Microglia (defense, like a macro-phage) and Ependymal Cells (Secrete Cerebral Spinal Fluid)

32
Q

Name the one Neuroglia that is found only in the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells - mylianation

33
Q

Depending on the neuron Schwann cells can have two different functions. What are these?

A

Support (hold neurons together) - unmyelinating

Insulate (wrapped around neurons) - myelinating

34
Q

What is the name given to the synapse between the terminal synapse of one neuron and the dendrite of another?

A

Axodendritic Synapse

35
Q

What is the name given to the synapse between the cell body and the axon?

A

Axosomatic Synpase

36
Q

What is the name given to the synapse between an axon and axon?

A

Axo-axonic synapse

37
Q

What is the collective name for when axons come together in the PNS?

A

Nerve Fibres - white matter

38
Q

What is the collective names for Cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglia - grey matter

39
Q

What is the collective name for Axons in the CNS?

A

Tracts - White matter

40
Q

What is the collective name given to cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Centres - Grey matter

41
Q

What is the name given to the connective tissue that covers one neuron?

A

Endoneurium

42
Q

What is the name given to the CT that covers a group of Axons?

A

Perineurium

43
Q

What is the name given to the CT that covers the whole outter sheath?

A

Epineurium

44
Q

What is the name given to the collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglia

45
Q

Where is the dorsal root ganglia found?

A

Protruding from the spinal vertbrea

46
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

To provide link between the PNS & CNS

47
Q

What vertebrae dose the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

48
Q

Is the Dorsal and Ventricle roots sensory or motor?

A

Dorsal is Sensory and the Ventricle is motor.

49
Q

What are the names given to the 3 regions of the spinal grey matter?

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral Horns

50
Q

What is the name of the fluid found in the Spinal central canal?

A

Central spinal fluid

51
Q

What are the names and functions of the 3 main sensory pathways?

A

Spinothalmic Tract - Temperature and pain
Spinocerebellar Tract - exact position of the joints
Dorsal Column - Fine touch, position and vibration

52
Q

What is the main descending pathway/tract?

A

Coticospinal tract - used in voluntary movement.

BMS 1001 (18 decks)

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