Endocrine

Question 1

What are the main differences between Endocrine and the nervous system??

Answer 1

Endocrine: Slow response, target distant from cells, Long duration, Blood born, hormones
Nervous System: Fast response, cell to cell, short duration, electrical chemical, neurotransmitters

Question 2

What is the difference between Exocrine and Endocrine?

Answer 2

Exocrine secretes fluid, through ducts

Endocrine secretes hormones through blood stream

Question 3

What is the two areas that are both exocrine and endocrine?

Answer 3

Testis & Pancreas

Question 4

List the 9 Endocrine glands.

Answer 4

Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thymus
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Ovary/Testis

Question 5

What area regulates the Endocrine system?

Answer 5

The Hypothalamus

Question 6

How does the Hypothalamus regulates the endocrine and nervous systems?

Answer 6

Direct neural control
ADH and Oxytocin
Regulatory Hormone production

Question 7

What is the hypothalamus responsible for regulating?

Answer 7

Temperature regulation, thirst, hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive, and the release of other hormones within the body.

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland found?

Answer 8

Base of the Hypothalamus

Question 9

There are two parts to the Pituitary Gland, what are there names and function?

Answer 9

Adenohypophysis - Anterior secretes 7 hormones into the blood stream - endocrine
Neurophypophysis - Posterior - secretes 2 hormones - mainly neural.

Question 10

What is the name of the vein that links the hypothalimus to the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Portal Vein

Question 11

How do the hormones get released form the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 11

From the neurons that travel from the hypothalimus

Question 12

What is the name of the two groups of cells found in the Anterior pituitory gland and the 2 sub groups of one of these groups?

Answer 12

Chromophobe and Chromophill: Acidophills and Basophils

Question 13

What hormones do the Basophils release?

Answer 13

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH (FLAT)

Question 14

What hormones do the Acidophils release?

Answer 14

Prolactin and GH (PIG) I = Ignore

Question 15

What hormones does the Neurohypopsis release?

Answer 15

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (retention of water and regulates blood pressure)

Question 16

What is the name of the area connecting the two lobes of the Thyroid gland?

Answer 16

Isthmus

Question 17

What are the two cells found in the Thyroid and what are there functions?

Answer 17

Thyroid Follicular Cell = Releases Thyroid Hormone T3 & T4 - speeds up metabolic rate
C - Cells = Releases Calcitonin which reduces calcium levels

Question 18

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 18

At the back of the Thyroid

Question 19

What are the names of the two types of cells found in the Parathyroid gland?

Answer 19

Cheif Cells and Oxyphil Cells

Question 20

What is the hormone released by the Parathyroid and what does it do?

Answer 20

Parathyroid Hormone which increases calcium levels.

Question 21

What can stop the production of Thyroid Hormone?

Answer 21

Lack of Iodine which causes Goiter (swollen Thyroid)

Question 22

Where is the adrenal glands located?

Answer 22

On top of the kidneys

Question 23

What is the names of the 2 parts of the Adrenal Gland?

Answer 23

Cortex (outside) & Medulla (Inside)

Question 24

What is the function of the cortex and Medulla?

Answer 24

The Cortex secretes 3 hormones - Aldosterone, Cortisol and Sex hormone
The Medulla Secretes Adrenaline & Noradrenaline

Question 25

The Adrenal Cortex is made of 3 layers, what are they aand what are there functions?

Answer 25

Zona Glomerulosa - Regulates Electrocytes in ECF (Salt) Zone Fasciculata - Regulates Glucose levels (Sweet) Zona Reticularis - Regulates Sex Hormones (Sex)

Question 26

What is the Adrenal Gland capsule made of?

Answer 26

Dense connective tissue and adipose tissue. There is a lot of Reticular fibre and Fibroblasts in the capsule

Question 27

What hormone is released from the Zona Glomerulosa?

Answer 27

Secretes Aldosterone

Question 28

What hormone is released from the Zona Fasciculata

Answer 28

Secretes Cortisol - increases blood glucose levels and a little Androgen ( there is a little crossover of hormone secretion between the Zona Fasciculata and the Zona Reticularis

Question 29

What hormone does Zona Reticularis secrete?

Answer 29

Androgens (sex hormone) and a little Cortisol

Question 30

What is the name of the syndrome created by a hyper functiong Zona Fasciculata?

Answer 30

Cushing Syndrome

Question 31

What hormones does the Adrenal medulla secrete and store?

Answer 31

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Question 32

What is the tissue in the Medulla?

Answer 32

Preganglionic fibers that come directly from the spinal cord.

Question 33

What is the name of the cell that secretes adrenaline?

Answer 33

Chromafin cells

Question 34

What is the main unique feature of the pancreas?

Answer 34

It is exocrine (secretes digestive enzymes) and is endocrine - secretes Insulin & glucogon

Question 35

What is an example of an enzymes secreted from the pancrease?

Answer 35

Amalase

Question 36

What is the separate names given to the endocrine and exocrine areas?

Answer 36

``` Endocrine = Islets of Langerhands - red/purple internal cells Exocrine = Acini - yellow outside cells ```

Question 37

What is the name given to the cells that release glucogon and insulin?

Answer 37

B Cells = Insulin = reduces blood sugar levels | A Cells = Secrets Glucagon = increases blood sugar levels

Question 38

What is a Autocrine hormone?

Answer 38

Where a cells secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell.

Question 39

What is a Paracrine hormone?

Answer 39

A hormone that functions regionally and gets distributed to nearby cells changing there role or function. An example of this is the relationship between the Hypothalasum and the pituitory gland

Question 40

What is a Endocrine hormone?

Answer 40

One which acts at a distance through the bloodstream.