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BMS 1001 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main differences between Endocrine and the nervous system??

A

Endocrine: Slow response, target distant from cells, Long duration, Blood born, hormones
Nervous System: Fast response, cell to cell, short duration, electrical chemical, neurotransmitters

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2
Q

What is the difference between Exocrine and Endocrine?

A

Exocrine secretes fluid, through ducts

Endocrine secretes hormones through blood stream

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3
Q

What is the two areas that are both exocrine and endocrine?

A

Testis & Pancreas

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4
Q

List the 9 Endocrine glands.

A 
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thymus
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Ovary/Testis
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5
Q

What area regulates the Endocrine system?

A

The Hypothalamus

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6
Q

How does the Hypothalamus regulates the endocrine and nervous systems?

A

Direct neural control
ADH and Oxytocin
Regulatory Hormone production

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7
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for regulating?

A

Temperature regulation, thirst, hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive, and the release of other hormones within the body.

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8
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found?

A

Base of the Hypothalamus

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9
Q

There are two parts to the Pituitary Gland, what are there names and function?

A

Adenohypophysis - Anterior secretes 7 hormones into the blood stream - endocrine
Neurophypophysis - Posterior - secretes 2 hormones - mainly neural.

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10
Q

What is the name of the vein that links the hypothalimus to the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Portal Vein

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11
Q

How do the hormones get released form the posterior pituitary gland?

A

From the neurons that travel from the hypothalimus

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12
Q

What is the name of the two groups of cells found in the Anterior pituitory gland and the 2 sub groups of one of these groups?

A

Chromophobe and Chromophill: Acidophills and Basophils

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13
Q

What hormones do the Basophils release?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH (FLAT)

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14
Q

What hormones do the Acidophils release?

A

Prolactin and GH (PIG) I = Ignore

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15
Q

What hormones does the Neurohypopsis release?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (retention of water and regulates blood pressure)

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16
Q

What is the name of the area connecting the two lobes of the Thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus

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17
Q

What are the two cells found in the Thyroid and what are there functions?

A

Thyroid Follicular Cell = Releases Thyroid Hormone T3 & T4 - speeds up metabolic rate
C - Cells = Releases Calcitonin which reduces calcium levels

18
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

At the back of the Thyroid

19
Q

What are the names of the two types of cells found in the Parathyroid gland?

A

Cheif Cells and Oxyphil Cells

20
Q

What is the hormone released by the Parathyroid and what does it do?

A

Parathyroid Hormone which increases calcium levels.

21
Q

What can stop the production of Thyroid Hormone?

A

Lack of Iodine which causes Goiter (swollen Thyroid)

22
Q

Where is the adrenal glands located?

A

On top of the kidneys

23
Q

What is the names of the 2 parts of the Adrenal Gland?

A

Cortex (outside) & Medulla (Inside)

24
Q

What is the function of the cortex and Medulla?

A

The Cortex secretes 3 hormones - Aldosterone, Cortisol and Sex hormone
The Medulla Secretes Adrenaline & Noradrenaline

25
Q

The Adrenal Cortex is made of 3 layers, what are they aand what are there functions?

A

Zona Glomerulosa - Regulates Electrocytes in ECF (Salt)
Zone Fasciculata - Regulates Glucose levels (Sweet)
Zona Reticularis - Regulates Sex Hormones (Sex)

26
Q

What is the Adrenal Gland capsule made of?

A

Dense connective tissue and adipose tissue. There is a lot of Reticular fibre and Fibroblasts in the capsule

27
Q

What hormone is released from the Zona Glomerulosa?

A

Secretes Aldosterone

28
Q

What hormone is released from the Zona Fasciculata

A

Secretes Cortisol - increases blood glucose levels and a little Androgen ( there is a little crossover of hormone secretion between the Zona Fasciculata and the Zona Reticularis

29
Q

What hormone does Zona Reticularis secrete?

A

Androgens (sex hormone) and a little Cortisol

30
Q

What is the name of the syndrome created by a hyper functiong Zona Fasciculata?

A

Cushing Syndrome

31
Q

What hormones does the Adrenal medulla secrete and store?

A

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

32
Q

What is the tissue in the Medulla?

A

Preganglionic fibers that come directly from the spinal cord.

33
Q

What is the name of the cell that secretes adrenaline?

A

Chromafin cells

34
Q

What is the main unique feature of the pancreas?

A

It is exocrine (secretes digestive enzymes) and is endocrine - secretes Insulin & glucogon

35
Q

What is an example of an enzymes secreted from the pancrease?

A

Amalase

36
Q

What is the separate names given to the endocrine and exocrine areas?

A 
Endocrine = Islets of Langerhands - red/purple internal cells
Exocrine = Acini - yellow outside cells
37
Q

What is the name given to the cells that release glucogon and insulin?

A

B Cells = Insulin = reduces blood sugar levels

A Cells = Secrets Glucagon = increases blood sugar levels

38
Q

What is a Autocrine hormone?

A

Where a cells secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell.

39
Q

What is a Paracrine hormone?

A

A hormone that functions regionally and gets distributed to nearby cells changing there role or function. An example of this is the relationship between the Hypothalasum and the pituitory gland

40
Q

What is a Endocrine hormone?

A

One which acts at a distance through the bloodstream.

BMS 1001 (18 decks)

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