Skin and wound healing Flashcards
functions of the skin include (7)
Protection against invasion by bacteria, foreign matter and physical injury.
Epidermis is relatively impermeable to many chemical substances, keratin waterproofs the skin, Melanin, a dark brown pigment in the skin, absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation and protects it from light and heat rays.
Sensation and monitoring the environment. Nerve endings respond to temperature, pain, touch, pressure and vibration.
dehydrocholesterol found in the skin to vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Temperature regulation.
Acts as a blood reservoir
Prevention of water and electrolyte loss from the internal environment.
Regulates blood volume via the excretion of urea, sodium and water through sweating
Wound healing where tissue loss prevents the close apposition of the wound edges such that wound healing involves granulation
Secondary intention
Wound healing where the wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or to permit removal of exudate is classified as:
Tertiary intention
Wound healing where there is little loss of tissue such that the wound edges are in close apposition allowing for closure using structures, clips, or glue is termed
Primary intention
What shows the correct sequence of physiological events by which acute wound healing proceeds (4)
Inflammation
Cell proliferation
Reepitherlialisation
Maturation and remodeling
During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) stimulate
this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of endothelial cells allowing for the growth of new capillaries (termed angiogenesis) within the granulation tissue
During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Keratinocyte Growth Factor stimulate
this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of the epidermal cells allowing for reepithelialisation
During the proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Fibroblast Growth Factor stimulate
this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of connective tissue cells within the dermis during the production of granulation tissue. By increasing connective tissue cell numbers (termed fibroplasia) allowing for an increase the production of new extracellular matrix proteins within the developing granulation tissue.
During the inflammatory and proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Granualocyte Stimulating Factor stimulate
this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of white blood cells within the wound. During the inflammatory phase of wound healing this increases the clearance of dead and dying cells and increases the immunity to invading microorganisms
For wound healing to proceed at the optimum possible rate a wound must have adequate (5)
Temperature Moisture Circulation Oxygenation Nutritional support due to the metabolic burden
What is granulation tissue
The beefy red regenerative tissue that appears on the surface of healing wounds and is composed of extracellular matrix proteins (e.g collagen/elastin) and the buds of newly formed capillaries.
What is slough
Appearing as slimy, stringy, gelatinous, clumpy or fibrinous necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue has separated from the wound bed.
What is eschar
Appearing as desiccated crusty or leathery necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue forms dead patches of tissue covering the wound bed.
What is necrotic tissue
Devitalised tissue in which the damaging effects of mechanical, thermal or chemical factors has resulted in completed cell death
What is devitalised tissue
Literally meaning dead tissue.