Skin and wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skin include (7)

A

Protection against invasion by bacteria, foreign matter and physical injury.

Epidermis is relatively impermeable to many chemical substances, keratin waterproofs the skin, Melanin, a dark brown pigment in the skin, absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation and protects it from light and heat rays.

Sensation and monitoring the environment. Nerve endings respond to temperature, pain, touch, pressure and vibration.

dehydrocholesterol found in the skin to vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Temperature regulation.

Acts as a blood reservoir

Prevention of water and electrolyte loss from the internal environment.

Regulates blood volume via the excretion of urea, sodium and water through sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wound healing where tissue loss prevents the close apposition of the wound edges such that wound healing involves granulation

A

Secondary intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wound healing where the wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or to permit removal of exudate is classified as:

A

Tertiary intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wound healing where there is little loss of tissue such that the wound edges are in close apposition allowing for closure using structures, clips, or glue is termed

A

Primary intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What shows the correct sequence of physiological events by which acute wound healing proceeds (4)

A

Inflammation
Cell proliferation
Reepitherlialisation
Maturation and remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) stimulate

A

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of endothelial cells allowing for the growth of new capillaries (termed angiogenesis) within the granulation tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During the proliferative phase of wound healing what does Keratinocyte Growth Factor stimulate

A

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of the epidermal cells allowing for reepithelialisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During the proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Fibroblast Growth Factor stimulate

A

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of connective tissue cells within the dermis during the production of granulation tissue. By increasing connective tissue cell numbers (termed fibroplasia) allowing for an increase the production of new extracellular matrix proteins within the developing granulation tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During the inflammatory and proliferative phase of wound healing, what does Granualocyte Stimulating Factor stimulate

A

this stimulates the cell division and proliferation of white blood cells within the wound. During the inflammatory phase of wound healing this increases the clearance of dead and dying cells and increases the immunity to invading microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

For wound healing to proceed at the optimum possible rate a wound must have adequate (5)

A
Temperature
Moisture
Circulation
Oxygenation
Nutritional support due to the metabolic burden
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is granulation tissue

A

The beefy red regenerative tissue that appears on the surface of healing wounds and is composed of extracellular matrix proteins (e.g collagen/elastin) and the buds of newly formed capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is slough

A

Appearing as slimy, stringy, gelatinous, clumpy or fibrinous necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue has separated from the wound bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is eschar

A

Appearing as desiccated crusty or leathery necrotic tissue this devitalised tissue forms dead patches of tissue covering the wound bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is necrotic tissue

A

Devitalised tissue in which the damaging effects of mechanical, thermal or chemical factors has resulted in completed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is devitalised tissue

A

Literally meaning dead tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is epithelialising tissue

A

Tissue in which the migration of newly created keratinocytes acts to resurface the wound bed.

17
Q

The connective tissue cell whose secretion of collagen and ground substance regulates extracellular matrix formation during normal tissue maintenance and wound healing is:

A

Fibroblast

18
Q

The phase of wound healing where the reorganization of collagen along the lines of tension, the size of the wound is reduced by the contraction of myofibroblasts and the reduction in the numbers of capillaries within the scar tissue causes the scar to whiten is termed:

A

remodelling or maturation phase

19
Q

What does integumentary mean

A

refers to the covering or coating, especially natural coatings like skin, shells, and rinds

20
Q

What are the diff layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

21
Q

4 main cell types found in epidermis and their function

A

Keratinocytes protect & prevent foreign substances from entering the body while minimizing the loss of moisture, heat, and other constituents.
melanocytes produce and contain the pigment called melanin
Langerhans cells reside in the epidermis as a dense network of immune system sentinels (they protect)
Merkel cells are very close to the nerve endings that receive the sensation of touch and may be involved in touch.
inflammatory cells

22
Q

What is a corpuscle?

A

Cell in an organism