Renal system Flashcards
Each kidney has about 1 million functional units, what are they called?
The nephron
What approximate volume of filtrate do the Kidneys produce of everyday?
175lts
What is the name of the nervous system that controls the opening of the sphincter to allow urine to be voided
Somatic
In a healthy individual the total insensible fluid loss for a person is approximately what volume?
1000mls
True or False, In a healthy person glucose should be found in the urine?
False
what hormone is released by the kidney in response to reduced blood pressure?
Renin
The hypothalamus controls what organ to release ADH?
Pituitary gland
In a healthy person, if less ADH is released then the kidney will do what?
Produce more urine
Normally What substance gives urine its colour?
Urobilin
What is NOT a normal reaction to Angiotensin II
Increased parasympathetic response
The normal plasma range of sodium is what?
135-145mmol/l
what does GFR stand for?
Glomerular filtration rate
The blood supply to the kidney is from the renal artery, which vessel supplies blood into the renal artery?
Aorta
the release of Renin comes from the stimulation of which receptor?
Beta 1
the chemical symbol for common salt (sodium Chloride) is
NaCl
What is a toxic mediated cause of acute kidney injury?
Haemoglobin release
What substance can become elevated in acute kidney injury and result in cardiac arrest?
Potassium
What group of drugs should be withheld from patients who develop acute kidney injury?
ACE inhibitors
The secretion of antidiuretic
hormone will have what sort of effect
Increases the concentration of urine
What is glomerular filtration?
It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
What is prerenal failure
Most common cause of AKI and caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys
What is intrinsic renal failure
Involves damage to the kidney itself.
Some causes include Acute tubular necrosis, Glomerulonephritis, Drugs/toxins
What is post-renal failure
A consequence of urinary tract obstruction, e.g. Blocked catheter, Enlarged prostate, Tumours
What is the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system?
is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The system is mainly comprised of the three hormones renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Primarily it is regulated by the rate of renal blood flow.
What hormones affect reabsorption in the nephron? (5)
Angiotensin II Vitamin D3 Aldosterone Parathyroid hormone antidiuretic hormone
What affects the rate of glomerular filtration?
Both glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and renal blood flow are important determinants of the (GFR).
