Renal system

Question 1

Each kidney has about 1 million functional units, what are they called?

Answer 1

The nephron

Question 2

What approximate volume of filtrate do the Kidneys produce of everyday?

Answer 2

175lts

Question 3

What is the name of the nervous system that controls the opening of the sphincter to allow urine to be voided

Answer 3

Somatic

Question 4

In a healthy individual the total insensible fluid loss for a person is approximately what volume?

Answer 4

1000mls

Question 5

True or False, In a healthy person glucose should be found in the urine?

Answer 5

False

Question 6

what hormone is released by the kidney in response to reduced blood pressure?

Answer 6

Renin

Question 7

The hypothalamus controls what organ to release ADH?

Answer 7

Pituitary gland

Question 8

In a healthy person, if less ADH is released then the kidney will do what?

Answer 8

Produce more urine

Question 9

Normally What substance gives urine its colour?

Answer 9

Urobilin

Question 10

What is NOT a normal reaction to Angiotensin II

Answer 10

Increased parasympathetic response

Question 11

The normal plasma range of sodium is what?

Answer 11

135-145mmol/l

Question 12

what does GFR stand for?

Answer 12

Glomerular filtration rate

Question 13

The blood supply to the kidney is from the renal artery, which vessel supplies blood into the renal artery?

Answer 13

Aorta

Question 14

the release of Renin comes from the stimulation of which receptor?

Answer 14

Beta 1

Question 15

the chemical symbol for common salt (sodium Chloride) is

Answer 15

NaCl

Question 16

What is a toxic mediated cause of acute kidney injury?

Answer 16

Haemoglobin release

Question 17

What substance can become elevated in acute kidney injury and result in cardiac arrest?

Answer 17

Potassium

Question 18

What group of drugs should be withheld from patients who develop acute kidney injury?

Answer 18

ACE inhibitors

Question 19

The secretion of antidiuretic

hormone will have what sort of effect

Answer 19

Increases the concentration of urine

Question 20

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 20

It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.

Question 21

What is prerenal failure

Answer 21

Most common cause of AKI and caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys

Question 22

What is intrinsic renal failure

Answer 22

Involves damage to the kidney itself.

Some causes include Acute tubular necrosis, Glomerulonephritis, Drugs/toxins

Question 23

What is post-renal failure

Answer 23

A consequence of urinary tract obstruction, e.g. Blocked catheter, Enlarged prostate, Tumours

Question 24

What is the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system?

Answer 24

is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The system is mainly comprised of the three hormones renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Primarily it is regulated by the rate of renal blood flow.

Question 25

What hormones affect reabsorption in the nephron? (5)

Answer 25

Angiotensin II
Vitamin D3
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
antidiuretic hormone

Question 26

What affects the rate of glomerular filtration?

Answer 26

Both glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and renal blood flow are important determinants of the (GFR).