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Nursing Applied biological sciences 2 > hepatology > Flashcards

hepatology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define hepatology

A

the study of the liver

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2
Q

Where is the muscularis externa

A

its the outer musclar wall of the GI tract

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3
Q

name some component of the GI tract

A

oesophagus, stomach, small intestines,

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4
Q

Where in the body would you find the glomerulus

A

kidney nephron

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5
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

To break down stuff and detoxify the blood

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6
Q

Which duct enters the GI tract at the duodenum?

A

common bile duct

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7
Q

What is the entrance to the small intestine called

A

duodenum

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8
Q

The vagus nerve is responsible for which action

A

Secretion of gastric acid

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9
Q

Crohn’s disease is characterised by

A

Intermittent patches anywhere along the GI tract

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10
Q

What are Oesophageal varices

A

weakened and dilated veins in the oesaphagus

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11
Q

What cause Oesophageal varices

A

the main cause is alcoholic liver disease

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12
Q

Which vitamin is stored in the liver?

A

vitamin A

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13
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

liver, muscles

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14
Q

what is glycogen

A

the storage form of glucose

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15
Q

The absorption of fluid mainly occurs in which part of the GI tract?

A

Large intestine

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16
Q

The absorption of nutrients from the GI tract mainly occurs in:

A

small intestine

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17
Q

The movement of material along the GI tract achieved by:

A

peristalsis

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18
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the GI tract?

A

The pancreas

19
Q

What is encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

20
Q

what is jaundice

A

buildup of bilirubin

21
Q

what is melaena

A

pooping dark red blood

22
Q

what is steatorrhea

A

white creamy foul-smelling poos caused by

23
Q

Encaphalopathy in liver failure, can arise from the presence of elevated levels of which of the following?

A

ammonia

24
Q

Encaphalopathy

A

brain damage, usually from ammonia

25
Q

Which phase has an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and motility?

A

The intestinal phase

26
Q

Liver function test measures what in the blood?

4

A

Hepatic enzymes

bilirubin

Urea and Creatinine

International ratio (INR)

27
Q

What are clinical observation seen in patients with chronic cholecystitis complicated by biliary obstruction?
(4)

A

Jaundice

Pruritus

Fat maldigestion

Steathorrea

28
Q

The functions of the liver include:

4

A

The detoxification of the blood

The production of plasma proteins such as albumin

The production and secretion of bile

The breakdown of old red blood cells

29
Q

what causes oesphageal varicies

A

cirrhosis Portal hypertension

30
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

scarring of the liver

31
Q

Which condition causes steatorrhea, jaundice, and pruritus?

A

Biliary obstruction with obstruction to the flow of bile

32
Q

the abnormal buildup of which substance in bodily fluids is responsible for hepatic encephalopathy?

A

ammonia

33
Q

What is Ascites

A

fluid accumulation in the abdomen

34
Q

In patients with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease portal hypertension is responsible for the development of which clinical complications:

A

Ascites and gastric varices

35
Q

What is the digestive function of the liver?

A

The production and secretion of bile into the common bile duct

36
Q

what causes Ascites

A

damaged livers no longer produce the proteins needed to regulate oncotic/osmotic pressure

37
Q

hematemesis

A

puking blood

38
Q

name the fat soluble vitamins

A

D, A, E, K

39
Q

he part of the hepatobiliary system responsible for the storage, concentration and release of bile

A

gall bladder

40
Q

What is the main cause of peptic ulcers (stomach ulcers)

A

H. Pylori

41
Q

Which of the following describes the physiological effects of vitamin K:

A

making klotting factor formation and blood clotting

42
Q

Main function of the gallbladder

A

stores bile produced by the liver

43
Q

what is different about the circulation of blood to the liver

A

The liver is connected to two large blood vessels, the hepatic artery, and the portal vein. The hepatic artery carries blood from the aorta to the liver, whereas the portal vein carries blood containing the digested nutrients from the entire gastrointestinal tract, and also from the spleen and pancreas to the liver.

Nursing Applied biological sciences 2 (7 decks)

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