hepatology Flashcards
Define hepatology
the study of the liver
Where is the muscularis externa
its the outer musclar wall of the GI tract
name some component of the GI tract
oesophagus, stomach, small intestines,
Where in the body would you find the glomerulus
kidney nephron
What is the function of the liver?
To break down stuff and detoxify the blood
Which duct enters the GI tract at the duodenum?
common bile duct
What is the entrance to the small intestine called
duodenum
The vagus nerve is responsible for which action
Secretion of gastric acid
Crohn’s disease is characterised by
Intermittent patches anywhere along the GI tract
What are Oesophageal varices
weakened and dilated veins in the oesaphagus
What cause Oesophageal varices
the main cause is alcoholic liver disease
Which vitamin is stored in the liver?
vitamin A
where is glycogen stored
liver, muscles
what is glycogen
the storage form of glucose
The absorption of fluid mainly occurs in which part of the GI tract?
Large intestine
The absorption of nutrients from the GI tract mainly occurs in:
small intestine
The movement of material along the GI tract achieved by:
peristalsis
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the GI tract?
The pancreas
What is encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
what is jaundice
buildup of bilirubin
what is melaena
pooping dark red blood
what is steatorrhea
white creamy foul-smelling poos caused by
Encaphalopathy in liver failure, can arise from the presence of elevated levels of which of the following?
ammonia
Encaphalopathy
brain damage, usually from ammonia
Which phase has an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and motility?
The intestinal phase
Liver function test measures what in the blood?
4
Hepatic enzymes
bilirubin
Urea and Creatinine
International ratio (INR)
What are clinical observation seen in patients with chronic cholecystitis complicated by biliary obstruction?
(4)
Jaundice
Pruritus
Fat maldigestion
Steathorrea
The functions of the liver include:
4
The detoxification of the blood
The production of plasma proteins such as albumin
The production and secretion of bile
The breakdown of old red blood cells
what causes oesphageal varicies
cirrhosis Portal hypertension
what is cirrhosis
scarring of the liver
Which condition causes steatorrhea, jaundice, and pruritus?
Biliary obstruction with obstruction to the flow of bile
the abnormal buildup of which substance in bodily fluids is responsible for hepatic encephalopathy?
ammonia
What is Ascites
fluid accumulation in the abdomen
In patients with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease portal hypertension is responsible for the development of which clinical complications:
Ascites and gastric varices
What is the digestive function of the liver?
The production and secretion of bile into the common bile duct
what causes Ascites
damaged livers no longer produce the proteins needed to regulate oncotic/osmotic pressure
hematemesis
puking blood
name the fat soluble vitamins
D, A, E, K
he part of the hepatobiliary system responsible for the storage, concentration and release of bile
gall bladder
What is the main cause of peptic ulcers (stomach ulcers)
H. Pylori
Which of the following describes the physiological effects of vitamin K:
making klotting factor formation and blood clotting
Main function of the gallbladder
stores bile produced by the liver
what is different about the circulation of blood to the liver
The liver is connected to two large blood vessels, the hepatic artery, and the portal vein. The hepatic artery carries blood from the aorta to the liver, whereas the portal vein carries blood containing the digested nutrients from the entire gastrointestinal tract, and also from the spleen and pancreas to the liver.
