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Surgery PLE > Skin and Soft Tissues > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the keratinocyte transit time

A

40 - 56 days

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2
Q

Factors that increase melanin production

A
  1. uv radiation
  2. estrogen
  3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  4. melanocyte stimulating hormone
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3
Q

Also known as skin macrophages

A

langerhan’s cell - produce MHC II

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4
Q

These are sweat producing glands located over the entire body but are concentrated in the palms, soles, axillae and forehead

A

eccrine glands

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5
Q

pheromone producing glands found in the axillae and anogenital region

A

appocrine glands

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6
Q

IVF extravasation is considered what type of burn

A

chemical burn

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7
Q

most common cause of extravasation in adults

A

chemotherapeutic drugs

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8
Q

most common site of extravasation in adults

A

dorsum of the hand

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9
Q

most common cause of extravasation in infants causing necrosis

A

high concentration dextrose

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10
Q

What causes pressure injury

A

1 hour of 60 mmHg pressure

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11
Q

Normal pressure values

A 
arteriole - 32 mmHg
capillary - 20 mmHg
venule - 12 mmHg
Sitting - 300 mmHg
Hospital Bed - 150 mHg
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12
Q

Most important protective factor from UV related damage

A

melanin

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13
Q

most common form of radiation exposure

A

solar or uv radiation

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14
Q

treatment of cellulitis

A

oral antibiotics

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15
Q

treatment of folliculitis

A

adequate hygiene

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16
Q

treatment of furuncle

A
  1. warm water to hasten liquefaction and rupture

2. incision and drainage

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17
Q

treatment of carbuncle

A
  1. incision and drainage
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18
Q

It is a defect of the terminal follicular epithelium which leads to blockage of appocrine glands

A

hidradenitis suppurative

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19
Q

treatment of hidradenitis suppurative

A

acute - warm compress, antibiotics, open drainage

chronic - wide excision with closure using skin graft or local flap

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20
Q

It is a granulomatous suppurative bacterial disease and deep cutaneous infection that present as nodules and spread to form draining tracts. Pathognomonic is positive SULFUR granules within purulent specimen

A

actinomycosis

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21
Q

treatment of actinomycosis

A

penicillin or sulfonamide

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22
Q

It is a rapidly enlarginc, destructive, cutaneous necrotic lesion with undermined border and surrounding erythema; associated with a systemic disease 50% of the time

A

pyoderma gangrenosum

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23
Q

Histopathology reveals cleavage plane in the GRANULAR layer of the epidermis

A

SSS

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24
Q

Histopathology reveals structural defect at DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTION similar to a 2nd degree burn

25
Q

Most common location of dermoid cyst

A

eyebrow

-results from trapping of epithelium during fetal midline closure

26
Q

most common location of trichilemmal (pilar) cyst

A

scalp

-this cyst has NO granular layer

27
Q

Another name for achrochordon

28
Q

usual location of dermatofibroma

A

legs and flanks

tx: excision

29
Q

most common cutaneous lesion in infancy

A

hemangioma

30
Q

Flat dull red lesion often located on the trigeminal distribution on the face trunk or extremities

A

capillary malformation/ port wine stain

assoc: sturge webber syndrome

31
Q

this is associated w ith von recklinghausen ‘s disease

A

neurofibroma

32
Q

These are solitary tumors arising from cells of the peripheral nerve sheath

A

neurileoma

33
Q

These are neural tumors that are solitary lesions of the skin or more commonly of the tongue

A

granular cell tumor

34
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

35
Q

most common type of basal cell carcinom

A

nodulocystic/noduloulcerative

36
Q

characteristic lesion of the nodulocystic type of BCC

A

rodent ulcer - rolled, pearly borders surrounding a central ulcer

37
Q

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A
  1. <2 mm - curettage, electrodeiccation, laser vaporization

2. large tumors - surgical excision with 0.5 cm to 1 cm margin

38
Q

Treatment of basal/squamous cell carcinoma located in the cheek, nose or lips

A

MOH’s surgery

39
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma arise from

A

pluripotent basal epithelial cells of EPIDERMIS

40
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from

A

epidermal keratinocytes

41
Q

name of in situ lesion of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  1. bowens disease

2. erythroplasia of queyrat - penis

42
Q

What are the ulcers called in burn scars

A

Marjolin’s ulcer

43
Q

treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  1. excision with 1 cm margin

2. regional LN excision if with palpable nodes or chronic wounds

44
Q

Malignant melanoma arise from

A

melanocytes

45
Q

what is the premalignant lesion of malignant melanoma

A

dysplastic nevi

46
Q

most common location of malignant melanoma

47
Q

Subtypes of malignant melanoma

A
  1. superficial spreading
  2. nodular
  3. lentigo maligna
  4. acral lentiginous
48
Q

Most common subtype of malignant melanoma

A

superficial spreading

49
Q

Subtype of malignant melanoma with worse prognosis

A

acaral lentiginous

50
Q

subtype of malignant melanoma with best prognosis

A

lentigo maligna

51
Q

Treatment of malignant melanoma

A
  1. melanoma in situ/lentigo maligna in face: 0.5 cm margin
  2. 1 mm or less: 1 cm margin
  3. 1 to 4 mm: 2 cm margin
  4. more than 4 or (+) satellosis: 3 - 5 cm margin
52
Q

It is a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin

A

Merkel Cell carcinom

53
Q

Treatment of merkel cell carcinom

A

wide local resection with 3 cm margin + prophylactic LN dissection + adjuvant radiation

54
Q

These are rubbery bluish nodules that occupy primarily on the extremities, skin and viscera

A

kaposi sarcoma

55
Q

modulate cold sensation

A

krause’ end bulb

56
Q

modulate sensitivity to warmth

A

ruffini’s endings

57
Q

modulate sensation of pressure

A

pacinian corpuscle

58
Q

modulate tactile sensation

A

meissner’s corpuscles

59
Q

modulate thermoregulation nerve

A

autonomic endings

Surgery PLE (16 decks)

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