skin and soft tissue infections

Question 1

S. AUREUS (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 1

gram + cocci bacteria , clumps like grapes
may release Pantones valentine leukocidin toxin which can form pores on cells and make them release their contents
disease = angular chelitis

Question 2

MRSA

Answer 2

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Question 3

S. PYOGENES (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 3

gram+ cocci bacteria, forms chains
super antigens may be released and cause toxic shock syndrome
disease = cellulitis (skin infection)

Question 4

S.ANGINOSUS (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 4

gram + cocci bacteria , mostly chains some clumps
cytotoxin intermedilysin - forms pores on cells that results in cell lysis
periodontitis

Question 5

CLOSTRIDIUM WELCHI (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 5

anaerobic bacteria . gram + rods
alpha toxin - breaks down cell membranes
disease = gas gangrene (lethal skin infection)

Question 6

HERPES SIMPLEX (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 6

DNA virus
cell lysis
herpes labialise - cold sores on lips

Question 7

CANDIDA ALBICANS (type, virulence factor, possible disease)

Answer 7

fungi 
phospholipase (breaks down phospholipids) 
erythematous candidiasis (oral)

Question 8

infections affecting epidermis

Answer 8

angular chelitis - s.aureus

chicken pox - varicella zoster

Question 9

infections affecting the dermis

Answer 9

erysipelas - s.pyogenes (superficial cellulitis)

Question 10

infection affecting hair follicles

Answer 10

s.aureus

folliculitis < furuncle < carbuncles

Question 11

infection affecting subcutaneous fat

Answer 11

cellulitis - s.pyogenes

Question 12

what bacteria causes infection of human bite wounds

Answer 12

mixed anaerobes

Question 13

what bacteria causes infection of animal bite wounds

Answer 13

pasteurella multicoda

Question 14

what bacteria causes surgical wound infections

Answer 14

s.aureus

Question 15

MSSA

Answer 15

methicillin susceptible s aureus

Question 16

disinfectant vs antiseptic

Answer 16

disinfectant = inhibits or kills micro organisms 
antiseptics = disinfecting agents with low toxicity for host cells , can be used directly on skin / mucous membranes and wounds

Question 17

cidal vs static antiseptics

Answer 17

cidal - kills

static - stops growth

Question 18

how do alcohols work as antiseptics and disinfectants

Answer 18

denature proteins and disrupt membrane permeability

cheap to make but limited antibacterial spectrum

Question 19

chlorhexidine method of attack

Answer 19

causes cytoplasmic leakage

an antiseptic

Question 20

antibiotic

Answer 20

chemical substance produced by one micro organism that is destructive to another

Question 21

difference between gram + and gram - cell walls

Answer 21

gram + have more peptidoglycan in there walls