immune therapies Flashcards
primary aim of vaccination
generate an adaptive immune response and create long term immunological memory - particularly IgG antibodies
B cells and IgM and IgG antibody production
B cells first produce IgM antibodies which have low specifity and affinity
with T cell help they then go on to produce IgG antibodies which have high affinity and are very effective at neutralising pathogens
live attenuated vaccine
contain live but weakened pathogens capable of replication
excellent immunity developed but may be pathogenic to the immunocompromised
inactivated vaccines
pathogens = dead so can’t replicate
safer but provide weaker immunity
subunit/ protein vaccines
no live components , contain proteins from pathogen
genetic vaccines
contains a segment of genetic material that codes for a specific spike protein of the pathogen
viral vector vaccines
combination of genetic vaccines and live attenuated
unrelated harmless virus modified to contain desired pathogen
adjuvant
increase vaccine efficacy
aluminium or calcium salts that enhance and prolong antigen presentation and encourage granuloma formation
communicable
infectious
corticosteroids (what, example, method of function, side effects)
synthetic cortisol
prednisolone
target various immune pathways e.g decrease cytokine production
long term - infection risk ,hypertension , diabetes, weight gain
NSAIDS (what, example, method of function, side effects)
non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
aspirin , ibuprofen
inhibit enzyme cox 2 which is activated when cells are damaged, produces prostaglandins which are involved in stimulating pain
long term - GI bleeding, liver and kidney problems
drug interactions - warfarin , diuretics, methotrexate
Methotrexate
DMARD - disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs
high doses = chemo agent
low doses = arthritis treatment
targets various immune pathways
drugs ending -mab
monoclonal antibodies
