sepsis Flashcards
sepsis
life threatening organ dysfunction due to disregulated host immune response to infection
triggered by infection but can persist after infection cleared
organ dysfunction separates infection from sepsis
septic shock
persistent hypotension even after fluid resuscitation to restore BP
what tool is used to identify ptx at risk of sepsis
qSOFA , score of more than or equal to 2 = high risk
ptx with existing organ dysfunction e.g diabetes start on 1
respiratory rate increases more than 22 breaths a min
altered mentation
lowered systolic BP
PAMPs
non self factors released by pathogens
recognised by PRRs and stimulates then to activate cytokines
DAMPs
host factors released by cells after damage
recognised by PRRs and stimulates then to activate cytokines
TNF - alpha
master regulator cytokine
co ordinates local containment of infection but drives sepsis when it is released systemically
what effects does TNF alpha have systemically
increased vascular permeability , decreased BP, systemic vasodilation , systemic clotting of microvasculature
what effect does TNF alpha have locally
recruits immune cells to SOI and prevents pathogen spreading into blood
activation of what system is a hallmark of sepsis
complement system
immediately activated upon recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs
what effect does sepsis have on endothelial cells and co agulation
induces a pro coagulative state
why cant abscesses be treated with antibiotics
they have no blood vessels so must be opened and drained
what makes up a dental abscess and why do they pose such a high infection risk
made up of immune cells , dead tissue and live bacteria making them highly infectious
what type of dental abscess will always require a RCT or an extraction
peri apical
signs and symptoms of a spreading dental infection
increase or decrease in temperature increased respiratory rate increase or decrease in HR facial swelling trismus dehydration
