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Foundations > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Roles of Integumentary System(6)

A
  1. provides barrier
  2. regulates body temperature
  3. synthesize Vitamin D
  4. sensory perception
  5. excretion of metabolic wastes
  6. wound repair

ALSO: identity, non-verbal communication?!?

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2
Q

Layers of the skin (3)

A
  1. Epidermis (No blood vessels)
    - —– a. stratum corneum
    - ——b. stratum germinativum
  2. Dermis (blood vessels, connective tissue, sebaceous glands, hair follicles)
  3. Subcutaneous
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3
Q

Pigments (4)

A
  1. Melanin
  2. carotene
  3. Oxyhemeglobin
  4. Deoxyhemeglobin
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4
Q

Jaundice

A

deposition of (too much) bilirubin
Yellowish color
Easiest to see in sclera, nails, palms and soles of feet

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5
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish Color
lack of oxygen (central)
lack of blood flow ( peripheral)

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6
Q

Vellus

A

Short fine baby fuzz hair, inconspicuous, unpigmented

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7
Q

Terminal hair

A

Coarser, thicker, conspicuous, pigmented

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8
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Produce sebum, lubricates skin and hair, reduces water loss through skin

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9
Q

Sweat glands ( 2 Types)

A

eccrine- widely distributed, open to surface, help control body temp

Apocrine- in axillary or genital areas, stimulated by emotional stress- Body odor

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10
Q

Health Hx Questions

A
  1. History of skin disease
  2. Diabetes or peripheral vascular disease?
  3. allergies or food sensitivities
  4. Burns or sun burns
  5. Corticosteroids/medications
  6. Family Hx
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11
Q

erythemia

A

Redness of skin

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12
Q

ecchymosis

A

Bruising of the skin

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13
Q

caratonemia

A

Orange tint form too much carrots

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14
Q

Vitiligo

A

loss of skin color

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15
Q

Mobility vs. Turgor

A

Mobility- the ease at which it picks up

Turgor- speed with which it returns into place

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16
Q

Edema

A

Localized- Injury
Systemic- puffy tight skin
Pitting- Interstitial fluid mobile

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17
Q

Pitting Edema Scale

A

1+ - 2mm
2+- 4mm
3+- 6mm
4+ - 8mm

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18
Q

What Vitamins/Minerals needed for Collagen formation

A

Vitamin C
Zinc
Copper

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19
Q

Non-pitting edema

A

Local infection or trauma ; Brawny edema

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20
Q

Macules

A

Sm flat mole < 1 cm

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21
Q

Papules

A

Raise mole <1 cm

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22
Q

Patches

A

Flat lesion, discoloration, > 1 cm,

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23
Q

Plaques

A

elevated, superficial, solid lesion, > 1 cm in diameter.

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24
Q

Nodules

A

Small Solid Tumor

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25
Q

Wheals

A

edemas of the skin, raised red, that appear suddenly - often related to allergic reactions

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26
Q

uticaria

A

Hives

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27
Q

Vesicles

A

filled with serous fluid, superficial blisters < 1/2 cm

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28
Q

cysts

A

semi solid, or liquid, goes into dermis

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29
Q

Bullas

A

filled with serous fluid, superficial blisters > 1/2 cm

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30
Q

Erosion

A

The partial loss of the epithelium, with the basement membrane left intact

31
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratch to the skin

32
Q

Fissure

A

cracks to the skin, like in eczema

33
Q

Ulcer

A

A skin ulcer is a sore on the skin. Skin ulcers often form when blood circulation is impaired. Bed sores

34
Q

Stages of Bed Sores ( 4)

A

Stage 1 - epidermis
stage 2- dermis
stage 3 - subcutaneous tissue, fat
stage 4- muscle & bone

35
Q

Who is at risk for bed sores

A

IMMOBILE PATIENTS

INCONTINENT PATIENTS

36
Q 
Braden Scale (6 risk factors)
whats good/whats bad
A

six major risk factors:

  1. sensory perception
  2. moisture
  3. activity
  4. mobility
  5. nutrition
  6. Friction/Sheer.

lower the score, the more likely the patient will develop a pressure ulcer.
18< risk
12< HIGH RISK

Asses upon admission and again 48-72 hours

37
Q

Assessing moles for cancer

ABCDE-EFG

A 
Asymmetry of one side to the other
Borders-irregular=bad
Change in color
Diameter >6 mm =bad
Evolving over time
-
Elevated
Firm to palpation
Growing progressively
38
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

39
Q

Reactive hyperemia

A

is the transient increase in organ blood flow that occurs after a period of ischemia (ex: arterial occlusion)

40
Q

linear

A

in a line

41
Q

Geographic

A

scalloped boarders, resembling the boarders of a map

42
Q

gyrate

A

ring

43
Q

target

A

multiple rings- bullseye

44
Q

zosteriform

A

follows nerve root

45
Q

annular

A

ring like arrangement

46
Q

discrete

A

separate distinct lesions, not joined to one another

47
Q

Arciform

A

Arch shape

48
Q

serpiginous

A

(of a skin lesion or ulcerated region) having a wavy margin.

49
Q

Paronychia

A

infection of the skin folds around the nails

50
Q

Leukonychia

A

transverse white lines, commonly known as Mees lines in the nails

51
Q

Seborrheic kerotosis -Older adults

A

A noncancerous skin condition that appears as a waxy brown, black, or tan growth.

52
Q

Angle of nail base

A

160*

53
Q

Clubbing nails

A

Angle of nail base is > 160*

heart and lung diseases
peripheral vascular disease

54
Q

Classification of wounds (5)

A
  1. Open/Closed
  2. acute/chronic
  3. clean/contaminated/Infected
  4. superficial/partial or Full thickness
  5. Penetrating
55
Q

Primary Intention

A

edges are approximated

examples: Surgical incisions, paper cuts, and small cutaneous wounds usually heal by primary closure. - Minimal scarring

56
Q

Secondary intention

A

wound edges not approximated
tissue loss
heals from inner layer to surface

requires a granulation tissue matrix to be built to fill the wound defect.

57
Q

Tertiary intention

A

granulating tissue brought together

delayed closure of wound edges

58
Q

Regeneration

A

In epidermal wounds

NO scar

59
Q

Partial Thickness wound repair (3)

A
  1. inflammatory response ( vasodilation, redness, swelling, moderate amount of serous exudate
  2. Reproduction, migration and reestablishment of epidermal layers
  3. reestablishment of epithelial layers
60
Q

Full thickness wound repair (4)

A
  1. Hemostasis- control blood loos, establish bacterial control, seal defect
  2. Inflammatory response- vasodilation, exudate
  3. proliferative healing- granulated tissue, contraction of wound, surface repair
  4. remodeling- final stage, scar tissue
61
Q

Important labs for Wounds

A 
WBC- too low =bad
Hemoglobin level
blood coagulation
serum protein analysis, pre-albumin
wound C&amp;S
Tissue biopsy
62
Q

Serous fluid

A

clear/slightly yellowish tinged fluid, excreted by serous membranes

63
Q

purulent

A

puss drainage

64
Q

serosanguineous

A

serous fluid + Blood

65
Q

sanguineous (hemmorhagic)

A

Blood drainage

66
Q

Penrose Drain

A

A Penrose drain is a soft, flexible rubber tube used as a surgical drain, to prevent the buildup of fluid in a surgical site.

lies under a dressing, at time of placement a pin or clip is place through the train to prevent it from slipping further into the wound,

67
Q

Jackson -Pratt Drain

A

(also called a JP Drain) is a closed-suction medical device that is commonly used as a post-operative drain for collecting bodily fluids from surgical sites. The device consists of an internal drain connected to a grenade-shaped bulb via plastic tubing.

68
Q

Color Guide for wound care

A

Red- Protect
yellow- Cleanse
Black - Debride

69
Q

INtrinsic factors for pressure ulcer development

A 
Immobility
impaired sensation
malnourishment
 aging
fever
70
Q

Extrinsic factors

A

Friction
pressure
shearing
exposure to moisture

71
Q

WOCN

A

Wound ostomy continence Nurse

72
Q

How to prevent Bed sore ( position)

A

30 * lateral position

73
Q

Debriding syringe information

A

35mL ; 19 gauge Angiocath

74
Q

Avoiding skin trauma

A 
smooth, firm surfaces
semi fowlers position
frequent weight shifts
exercise and ambulation
reposition q2 hrs

mattresses beds, wedges and pillows

Foundations (7 decks)

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