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FMP1 A&P > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is the body’s largest organ. What are the dimensions?

A

16% body weight, 1.8m(2) surface area

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2
Q

Name the 7 functions of the skin

A 
Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Endocrine
Psychosocial
Secretion
Homeostasis
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3
Q

Explain the skins function: protection

A
  • skin is a barrier
  • protection of deeper tissue from injury, bacteria, chemicals and sunlight
  • immune function
  • inflammation and repair
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4
Q

Explain the skins function: thermoregulation

A
  • balance between heat production and loss
  • body temp maintained between 35.8-38.2 degrees C
  • mechanisms of heat transfer (4)
  • when hot: cooling effect of sweat evaporation from the skin surface, dermal blood vessels dilate to help body cool down
  • when cold: dermal blood vessels construct. insulation that retains body heat and keeps the body warm. arrector pili muscles to trap air
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5
Q

What are the four mechanisms of heat?

A

radiation, conduction, evaporation, convection

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6
Q

Explain the skins function: sensation

A
  • sensory perception, link with external environment

- 4 main sense: pain, touch, pressure, temperature

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7
Q

Explain the skins function: endocrine

A
  • hormone control
  • vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorous levels
  • liver and kidneys convert chemical into vitamin D since people in UK do not get adequate
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8
Q

Explain the skins function: psychosocial

A
  • sexual expression
  • display/body image
  • bonding
  • communication - embarrassed flushed face
  • touch
  • body imagine - attraction, self esteem
  • sexual function - changes in puberty, changes due to arousal
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9
Q

Explain the skins function: homeostasis

A

control of temperature and fluid in the body

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10
Q

Explain the skins function: secretion

A

hormones

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11
Q

What INtrinsic factors can change skin?

A

biological processes, genetic predisposition, hormone/endocrine factors, illness

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12
Q

What are biological processes that can change skin?

A

microcirculation - blood flow

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13
Q

What are genetic predispositions that can change skin?

A

premature ageing syndrome

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14
Q

What are hormonal/endocrine factors that can change skin?

A

menopause-reduced hormones, oestrogen and progesterone affecting the collagen content of skin

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15
Q

What illnesses could cause change to the skin?

A

diabetes

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16
Q

Name some EXtrinsic factors that could change skin?

A

photo damage, smoking, pollutants, irritants, allergen, heat, over washing, therapeutic treatments (radiotherapy), nutrition (vitamins, minerals etc)

17
Q

Name some common skin disorders

A

acne, warts, eczema, cutis laxa, vitiligo

18
Q

What is the main change to the skin that occurs during pregnancy?

A

Increased pigmentation

19
Q

Explain the body areas that get increased pigmentation in pregnancy and why?

A
  • nipples and areole - breastfeeding
  • external genitalia - increased blood supply
  • abdomen - linea nigra
  • face - chloasma (blotchy pigmentation around eyes and forehead
20
Q

Define ‘striae gravidarum’

A

stretch marks - red/purple marks that fade to striae albican which are silver/white

21
Q

Why do striae gravidarum/stretch marks occur?

A
  • elevated cortisol prevents fibroblasts producing collagen and elastin fibres - lack of support for the dermis
  • growing tissue creating a lack of underlying physical support for the skin structure - results in dermal and epidermal tearing
22
Q

What is cortisol and what does it do in pregnancy?

A

hormone of stress.

  • prevents collagen and elastin fibres, lack of support for dermis
  • cortisol levels increase 2-4 times during preg, this play a role in baby’s growth and development
23
Q

What percentage of women experience striae gravidarum?

A

52-90%

24
Q

Risk factors of striae gravidarum?

A
  • high weight gain in preg
  • higher birth weight baby
  • family history
  • personal history of striae (i.e. breast or thigh increase in puberty)
  • young maternal age
25
Q

What happens to skin temp during pregnancy?

A

it becomes warm as well as vascularised and there may be increased sweating

26
Q

What happens to breast skin during pregnancy?

A

superficial veins may dilate and pigmentation increase

27
Q

What happens to skin on hands during pregnancy?

A

vascular ‘spiders’ and redness

28
Q

What happens to skin on legs during pregnancy?

A

ankle oedema (fluid swelling) and potentially varicose veins

29
Q

define ‘pruritis gravidarum’

A

itching and often a rash localised to abdomen

30
Q

What percentage of women experience pruritis gravidarum?

A

20%

FMP1 A&P (31 decks)

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