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Anatomy Test Block 1 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

interesting facts about the skin

A

largest single organ; ~16% of body weight; ~15-20 sq ft SA; however doesn’t get the most cardiac output

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2
Q

Going from most superficial to deep, what are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.

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3
Q

In which layer of the epidermis do cells divide and begin to form the more superficial layer?

A

stratum basale

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4
Q

what cells make up the stratum basale and what is their function?

A

melanocytes and keratinocyes; melanocytes synthesize melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes which divide and migrate (28 days)

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5
Q

In which layer of the epidermis do the cells die?

A

stratum lucidum

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6
Q

Tinea corporis (epidermophyton floccosum)

A

(ringworm); superficial skin infection that only effects the epidermis; common and thrives in moist environments; as it multiplies, it has a raised active border with central clearing.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for ringworm?

A

treat for 4 weeks w/ ketoconazole cream 2% - apply twice a day, continue 1 week after lesion disappears. (due to 28 day cell cycle)

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8
Q

What structure is responsible for the appearance of finger prints?

A

dermal papilla

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9
Q

What are the two factors that determine a person’s unique fingerprint?

A

part genetically determined and partially determined in utero.

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10
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

benign, slow growing, invasive.
tumor of cells along the basal layer of keratinocyte (no longer take on characteristics of normal keratinocyte) they start growing and becoming ulcurative. If not treated, will grow locally, no malignant potential.

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11
Q

squamous cell carinoma

A

malignant potential; within the stratum granulosum; if not treated can metastisize. Produces ulcerative lesion - shadow ulcer not super painful.

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12
Q

melanoma

A

mutated melanocytes; superficial to bm; if identified before penetrating the bm then curable; if not, become malignant, metastatic and deadly.

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13
Q

What is the procedure used to remove melanoma?

A

Mohs surgery; wide and deep circular incision until borders are clear

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14
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

waxy appearing lesion that is raised; rough/warty looking; treated by freezing off or cut out by blade. common. not premalignant

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15
Q

actinic keratosis

A

is premalignant; common; found in sun exposed areas like neck arms face

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16
Q

lentigos

A

liver spots; hyperpigmentation; flat/macular

17
Q

What is the predominant cell type in the dermis and what is its function?

A

fibroblasts; secretes collagen and elastic fibers

18
Q

What is the primary fxn of collagen and elastin in the dermis and what happens with aging?

A 
collagen = strength 
elastic = recoil

aging: collagen crosslinks and decreases and recoil decreases (wrinkles and tenting)

19
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

aka hypodermis/superficial fascia; binds skin loosely to deep fascia = ability to slid on itself; contains fat, sweat glands, nerves, vessels

20
Q

psoriasis

A

common skin disease; an acceleration of the 28 day keratinocyte cycle (make it to surface in 5-7 days); they build up b/c don’t slough off fast enough so end up with plaques

21
Q

scleroderma

A

rare; involves abnormal collagen synthesis and degradation; collagen becomes hardened (in the skin and pleura)

22
Q

What is the outermost covering of the muscle?

A

deep fascia; is thin but very tough

23
Q

decubiti

A

pressure ulcers/bedsores

24
Q

what are the different stages of decubiti?

A

1: skin is unbroken but inflamed
2: skin is broken to epidermis or dermis
3: extends to subQ fat
4: extends to muscle or bone

25
Q

how do you determine body surface area?

A

using a nomogram; mark height and weight and draw a line. helpful when using drugs that absorb into fat (chemo drugs)

26
Q

Explain the degrees of burns

A

1st: superficial; may blister and peel
2nd: blistered into dermis; painful; not into bm
3rd: through dermis; characterized by anesthesia d/t burned nerve endings
4th: involves bone, muscle, tendon

27
Q

How are percentages of burns estimated?

A

Parkland Rule of Nines

28
Q

Formula for fluid loss in ml/hr:

A

25 X % burn X body surface in meters2

29
Q

How do you determine fluid replacement after burn?

A

4 ml X % burn X kg

give 1/2 in first 8 hrs and the remaining over next 16 hrs

30
Q

what tool is used to test the ability to touch in an equilibrated form?

A

Semmes-Weinstein filament

31
Q

sebacceous gland

A

attached to hair follicle; hair, triglycerides, cholesterol, FFA.

32
Q

Eccrine glands

A

sweat gland; simple coiled, water and salt. Cell stays in tact.

33
Q

Apocrine gland

A

axillary, areolar, viscous secretion (b/c part of cell is extruded)

34
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

(sebacceous gland) filled w/ FA like substance

35
Q

Sty

A

aka hordeolum; infect gland

36
Q

what is the proper name for boil?

A

furuncle; when in group, carbuncle

Anatomy Test Block 1 (8 decks)

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