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Anatomy Test Block 1 > Cranial Vault, Orbit, Ear > Flashcards

Cranial Vault, Orbit, Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Diploe

A

two outer compact layers and spongey layer between

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2
Q

What bones are contained w/i the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal; ethmoid; sphenoid

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3
Q

What bones are contained w/i the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid; temporal

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4
Q

What bones are contained w/i the posterior cranial fossa?

A

temporal; occipital

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5
Q

What are the 2 unique features of the anterior fossa?

A 
crista gali (of ethmoid) - dura attach to it
cribiform plate: where olfactory nerves send axons through
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6
Q

What is clinically significant about the cribiform plate/olfactory nerve relationship?

A

When the frontal bone is fractures (head hits dashboard), the axons in th cribiform plate can be severed and person can become anosmic (can’t smell)

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7
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

CN II and opthalmic a.

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8
Q

What goes through sup. orb fissure?

A

CN III, IV, VI, V1 and opthalmic veins

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9
Q

While nothing courses all the way through foramen lacerum, what enters it through the side and comes out the top?

A

internal carotid

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10
Q

What lies on either side of the optic chiasm?

A

trigeminal (semilunar) ganglia and cavernous sinus

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11
Q

What artery lies in the groove coming off of the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal a.

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12
Q

What goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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13
Q

What travels through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII and VIII

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14
Q

What goes through the jugular foramen?

A

internal jugular; CN IX, X, XI

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15
Q

kluver-bucy syndrome

A

amygdala destruction (rapid deceleration damaging temporal lobes) causes it; behavioral changes; inability to suppress desire to explore environment in sexual way

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16
Q

What are the tell tale signs of basilar skull fractures?

A

Battle’s sign: mastoid ecchymosis (bruising) and hemotympanum (blood in inner ear)

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17
Q

What produces CSF and where?

A

choroid plexus - in the ventricles

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18
Q

Where does CSF go to drain?

A

CSF crosses arachnoid granulations to enter sinuses to drain along with venous blood from brain

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19
Q

Meningioma

A

tumors of meninges; benign however could be inoperable if not in a place able to be reached

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20
Q

subdural hematoma

A

When the dura splits (in places other than sinuses)

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21
Q

Which type of brain bleed will produce blood in spinal tap?

A

subarachnoid (not epidural or subdural)

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22
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes of cerebral cortex?

A

tentorium

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23
Q

Which type of brain bleed is mostly venous?

A

subdural

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24
Q

What kind of bleed are assoicated w/ skull fractures?

A

epidural (arterial) = smaller winder to fix it - 2 hrs

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25
Q

If you have a migraine, what artery is likely to be the cause?

A

middle meningeal

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26
Q

What is the first branch off of the internal carotid a. ?

A

opthalmic a.

27
Q

What structures are found within the cavernous sinus along with the internal carotid?

A

CN V2, V3, CN III, CN IV, CN VI

28
Q

If there is an infection spread into the cavernous sinus (say from picking zits) which nerve would be affected?

A

CN VI - others are within the wall of the sinus

29
Q

CN VI lesion/infection

A

causes medial deviation of eye b/c innervates lateral rectus

30
Q

Berry aneurysms

A

can occur anywhere on circle of willis - most don’t know they have them; if ruptured, about 50% will die
If found before rupture, can clip or coil

31
Q

conjunctivitis

A

infection of the outermost epithelium of eye (conjunctiva); allergy (bilateral), bacterial or viral; 90% is viral - bacterial is harder to transmit but more serious

32
Q

Where do syes occur?

A

gland openings of the eye lashes

33
Q

Where do tears drain to?

A

the lacrimal puncta

34
Q

When everting the eye lid and you can see light stripes, what are those?

A

meibomian glands

35
Q

What gives sensory innervation to and around the eye?

A

CN V: V1 and V2 branches

36
Q

When you have pain from sinusitis, what nerve is the cause?

A

nasociliary n.

37
Q

Does the lacrimal branch of V1 innervate the lacrimal gland?

A

NO b/c it’s sensory

lacrimal gland is inn. by CN VII

38
Q

What nerve arise from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VII (Facial)

39
Q

What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland and salivary glands?

A

CN VII

40
Q

What nerve is affected by bells palsy?

A

CN VII; dry eyes and dry mouth

41
Q

Cornea

A

responsible for 90% of refraction of the eye; avascular

42
Q

what provides innervatinon to the cornea?

A

CN V

43
Q

What nerves are involved in the corneal reflex?

A

CN V, III, VII - sensory, close and open

44
Q

dilator muscles of the eye are innervated by ?

A

sympathetics

45
Q

sphincter muscles of the eye are innervated by?

A

parasympathetics

46
Q

What structure in the eye allows for drainage of aqueous humor?

A

Schlemm’s canal; if blocked = glaucoma

47
Q

Which humor of the eye do we make consistently, and which is the same amout we are born with?

A

aquesous humor - constantly being made

vitreous humor - all we will have

48
Q

What structure of the eye is effected in a cataract?

A

lens

49
Q

Where is the blind spot in the eye?

A

where the optic disc is located, because only nerve fibers there

50
Q

Describe what you see when looking at a pt pupul?

A

medially will see the optic disc/nerve; more laterally you will see the darker spot called macula densa - high density of cones meaning high visual acuity; would be able to see intracranial pressure at optic disc

51
Q

If the optic nerve is completely cut, what is the result?

A

monocular blindness (blindness in one eye)

52
Q

if the right optic tract is cut, what is the result?

A

homonymoushemianopia (blindness in left half of each eye)

53
Q

If the optic chiasm is cut down the middle, what is the result?

A

bitemporal hemianopia (blindness in both temporal sides)

54
Q

LR6SO4AO3

A

lateral rectus inn: CN VI
sup. oblique inn: CN IV
all other eye muscle inn: CN III

55
Q

How do you test the function of SO4?

A

have the patient look down and in. this uses inferior rectus, medial rectus and sup. oblieuq to stablize/smooth it

56
Q

How does a CN IV iss present?

A

blurry vision with reading and trouble going down stairs

57
Q

what is the condition called when eyes are not lined up perfectly?

A

strabismus

58
Q

blepheritis

A

infection of eyelid

59
Q

What artery supplies the orbit, retina and also communicates with the external carotid?

A

opthalmic a.

60
Q

Due to the lack of supQ tissue in the pinna, what will result if hematomas aren’t drained?

A

cauliflower ear

61
Q

where are the neurons for the ear found and what kind are they?

A

spiral ganglion in cochlear portion - bipolar neurons

62
Q

what part of the ear is related to balance?

A

vestibular portion (has liquid)

63
Q

What affect does infection or blood have on examining the eary

A

the cone of light, which is normally seen in the tympanic membrane will not be visible

Anatomy Test Block 1 (8 decks)

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