Organization of the Nervous System

Question 1

multipolar neurons

Answer 1

motor and interneurons; most of what we have

Question 2

bipolar neuron

Answer 2

1 dendrite and 1 axon attached to cell body; found in hearing, balance, etc.

Question 3

pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 3

usually sensory; (SA)

Question 4

Cortical neurons

Answer 4

deal with (in additio to sensory and motor fxn) memory, calculation, mood, affect/behavior, feeding/watering, reasoning etc.

Vs. SC and brainstem which deal w/ somatic sens, motor and special sense

Question 5

What term comes to mind when thinking about “the body”?

Answer 5

somatic

Question 6

sensory nerve

Answer 6

aka AFFERENT; bring sensory info towards the brain or SC

Question 7

Where does somatic sensation come from?

Answer 7

skin, joint receptors, etc. (touch, pressure, pain)

Question 8

Visceral sensation

Answer 8

visceral meaning hollow organ; mostly not brought to level of consciousness

Question 9

For what reasons would we be consciously aware of visceral sensation?

Answer 9

ischemia or distention

Question 10

Motor nerves

Answer 10

EFFERENTS; transmit impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to induce movement

Question 11

What functional component is responsible for moving skeletal muscles?

Answer 11

somatic efferents; AKA alpha motor neurons

Question 12

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 12

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 13

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 13

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ANS

Question 14

What are the 5 lobes of the brain and what is their function?

Answer 14

Frontal: motor/behavior
Parietal: sensory/motor
Occipital: hearing
Temporal: smell/hearing/behavior
Insula: behavior

Question 15

Which portion of the SC house sensory components?

Answer 15

Dorsal

Question 16

Which portion of the SC house motor components?

Answer 16

Ventral

Question 17

What is the collection of cell bodies/perikarya outside the CNS called?

Answer 17

ganglia; (nucleus if w/i brainstem)

Question 18

What gives sensory and motor supply to the 2in strip on either side of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

DPR

Question 19

Where are ALL SA located from the mandible down?

Answer 19

DRG

Question 20

Where are ALL of the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons located from the mandible down?

Answer 20

ventral horn of SC

Question 21

What are the 4 cranial nerves that house parasympathetics?

Answer 21

CN III - oculomotor
CN VII - Facial
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus

Question 22

What are the two exceptions to the rule of the ANS innervating only hollow organs?

Answer 22

arrector pili muscle and pupil

Question 23

What indirectly effects rate of glandular secretion?

Answer 23

blood supply

Question 24

summarize sympathetics

Answer 24

fight or flight; pupils dilate, HR increases, airways dilate, blood is shunted away from GI tract toward skeletal muscle; ejaculation

Question 25

summarize parasympathetics

Answer 25

homeostasis; pupils constrict, HR decreases, GI blood and motility increase, blood to genitals increase

Question 26

Where do parasympathetics only travel to?

Answer 26

head and neck, intra thoracic organs, etc.

Question 27

which functional component requires 2 neurons to go from the spinal cord to the hollow organ target?

Answer 27

VE

Question 28

What are the 3 possible areas that a VE will synapse?

Answer 28

sympathetic chain, anterior to the abdominal/pelvic arteries, or at/on/near/w/i the organ

Question 29

SYMPATHETIC VEs travel from the SC to a ganglion how?

Answer 29

in the sympathetic chain OR anterior to abd/pelvis artery(pre aortic ganglia) - then follows an artery to target

Question 30

PARASYMPATHETIC VEs travel from the cranial nerves/lower SC how?

Answer 30

to a ganglion at/on/near/or within the target organ

Question 31

NO parasympathetics are found where?

Answer 31

no parasympathetics found in body wall or limbs - ONLY sympathetic efferent and associated afferent are found in spinal nerves

Question 32

what structure drives the preganglionic sympathetics?

Answer 32

hypothalamus

Question 33

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

Answer 33

primarily preganglionic; synapse in the pre aortic ganglion

Question 34

Explain the parasympathetic innervation of the vagus n.

Answer 34

It comes out of SC, descends through neck as preganglionic, enters the thorax and synapses at cardiac ganglia (at/near/w/i target organ)