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Spot test 2 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A 
Protection
Moisture control
Metabolic function
Sensation
Thermoregulation
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2
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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3
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The outer epithelial layer

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4
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A

Protection - basal layers folded into dermal papillae

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5
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Underlying layer of connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

Sensation, protection, thermal regulation, nerves, blood supply - apical layers form dermal papillae

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7
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Loose connective tissue deep to the dermis - adipose tissue considered to be part of the skin

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8
Q

How is skin classified?

A

Classified as thin or thick - according to the thickness of epidermis

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9
Q

What type of skin has hair follicles?

A

Thin skin

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10
Q

What type of skin is glabrous (non hairy)?

A

Thick skin

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11
Q

Where is thick skin located?

A

In areas of abrasion - palm, sole of feet, fingertips

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12
Q

what makes up the epidermis?

A

Keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Which layer of skin is made up of Keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

How many layers are there in thick skin?

A

5

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15
Q

What are the 5 layers of thick skin

A 
Stratum basal
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
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16
Q

What is stratum basal?

A

A layer of thick skin responsible for constant regeneration of the other layers of epidermis.

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17
Q

Which layer do cells divide in?

A

Stratum basal

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18
Q

What is stratum spinosum?

A

Cells have lots of desmosomes which anchor the cells to each other and contain thick tufts of intermediate filament (keratin)

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19
Q

Which layer do cells start to lose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles and begin to turn into keratinised squares of the next layer?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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20
Q

What is the function of stratum granulosum?

A

The granules contain lipid rich secretions which act as water sealant

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21
Q

What is stratum lucidum?

A

Thin transparent layer - sometimes absent from thin skin

22
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

Keratinised squares layer - layer of dead cells reduced to flattened squares filled with densely packed keratin

23
Q

Which layer is sometimes absent from thin skin?

A

Stratum lucidem

24
Q

What are the three types of non epithelial cells present in the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells

25
Q

What type of non-epithelial cell gives the pigment in skin?

A

Melanocytes

26
Q

What type of non-epithelial cell has an immunological role?

A

Langerhans cells

27
Q

Which type of non-epithelial cell acts as a mechanoreceptor?

A

Merkel cells

28
Q

Which layer is squamous cell carcinoma in?

A

Granular/keratin layer

29
Q

Which layer is a basal cell carcinoma in?

A

Basal layer

30
Q

Which layer is a malignant melanoma in?

A

basal later - melanocytes within the basal layer (least common but most dangerous)

31
Q

What is the name for a small rough lump that develops on hands and feet?

A

Wart

32
Q

What causes warts?

A

HPV infection - causes excess keratin production in the epidermis

33
Q

What type of skin are hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands absent from?

A

Thick skin

34
Q

What is the function of an eccrine sweat gland?

A

Synthesis of thin water liquid (sweat) which passes along eccrine ducts and deposits onto skin surface for thermoregulation

35
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

Secrete sebum into hair follicles - provides waterproofing

36
Q

What is the function of hair follicles?

A

Produce long thin cylindrical structures composing of mainly keratin and arranged in an organised manner for thermoregulation

37
Q

How is acne developed?

A

By sebaceous glands producing excess sebum

38
Q

What is the function of arrector pills muscles?

A

contraction causes hair to stand on end - provides insulation through trapping air

39
Q

What type of nerve supply do arrestor pills muscles and eccrine sweat glands have?

A

Sympathetic nerve supply

40
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

Connective tissue - containing irregular bundles of collagen and elastic fibres

41
Q

How many layers are there in the dermis?

A

2 - superficial loosely woven papillary layer

- Deep thicker denser reticular layer

42
Q

Which layer contains blood and nerve supply of the skin?:

A

The dermis

43
Q

\which layer is damaged in 1st degree burn?

A

epidermis

44
Q

Which degree burn damages the epidermis and dermis?

A

second

45
Q

Which layers are damaged in a third degree burn?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

46
Q

What is the name for an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve?

A

Dermatome - each nerve relays sensation from a particular region of the skin to the brain

47
Q

What type of receptor is in the basal cell epidermis and detects sustained touch and pressure?

A

Merkel cell - neurite complex - slow speed of adaptation

48
Q

What is the function of pascinian corpuscle?

A

Detects deep pressure and rapid vibration
Deep in hypodermis of soles of feet
Rapid speed of adaptation

49
Q

What type of receptor resides in the dermal papillae of skin, fingertips, eyelids and nipples?

A

Reissner’s corpuscle

  • rapid speed of adaptation
  • Detects changes in texture, pressure and vibration
50
Q

What are ruffini endings receptors

A

The reside in the dermis layer
Detect stretching, shearing
Slow speed of adaptation

51
Q

Which receptors have slow speed of adaptation?

A

Ruffini endings and Merkel cell - neurite complex

52
Q

Which receptors have fast speed of adaptation?

A

Pascinian corpuscle and Meissner’s corpuscle

Spot test 2 (14 decks)

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