Skin

Question 0

What is self-examination?

Answer 0

Asymmetry
Bordure irregularities
Color change and variation
Diameter, if suspicious more than 6 mm 
Evolving or changing

Question 1

What is skin cancer?

Answer 1

Most common form of cancer
Persistent skin lesions That do not heal are highly suspicious for malignancy and should be biopsied
Must be caught and treated early

Question 2

Risk factors for skin cancer

Answer 2

Fair skin type
History of sun exposure
Frequent and severe burns in childhood or adolescence
History of artificial tanning
smoking
Family history of skin cancer or prior history of skin cancer
Exposure to tar and systematic arsenicals
Living near the equator
Outdoor occupations or recreational activities

Question 3

What is nonmelanoma skin cancer?

Answer 3

Neoplasm of the epidermis
Most common form of skin cancer
Maybe basal cell or squamous cell

Question 4

What is basal cell?

Answer 4

Locally invasive, arises from the epidermal basal cell
Most common but less deadly of the two types
Middle aged and up most affected
Almost never spreads be on the skin
Can cause mass of tissue destruction if not she treated

Question 5

What is Squamous cell?

Answer 5

Malignant neoplasm of the keratinizing epidermal cell
Usually occurs on Sun expose skin
Less common
Can be very aggressive and can metastasize
May lead to death if not treated

Question 6

What is actinic keratosis?

Answer 6

A premalignant form of squamous cell cancer
Affects nearly all old white people
Most common of all the precancerous skin lesion

Question 7

What is the care for actinic keratosis?

Answer 7

Cryosurgery
Surgical excision
Electro dissection and curettage
Radiation and chemo therapy
Mohs' procedure
Teaching and learning about sun exposure and sun safety

Question 8

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 8

Tumor arising in melanocytes
Can be metastasized to any Organ, including the brain and heart
Most deadly of the skin cancers
Incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer
Exactly etiology is unknown, mutated gene is found among family
Usually surgical intervention is necessary

Question 9

What is dysplastic nevi?

Answer 9

Atypical moles more than 5 mm across
Irregular borders and various shades of colors
May have the same ABCDE characteristics as melanoma but are less pronounced
Average person has approximately 40 normal nevi, people with more than 100 are at risk

Question 10

What is a bacterial infection?

Answer 10

Can occur when balance between host and micro organism is altered:
Primary: following a break in the skin
Secondary: systematic disease or already damaged tissue
Predisposing factors: moisture, obesity, diabetes, systematic corticosteroids, poor hygiene

Question 11

What is impetigo?

Answer 11

Highly contagious skin infection
Mainly affect infants and children
Usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth
Cures on his own within 2 to 3 weeks
Antibiotics and saline to wash it

Question 12

What is cellulitis?

Answer 12

Infection of the deeper layers of the skin mostly common
Cause my bacteria that normally lives on the skins surface
Can rapidly turn into a life-threatening condition
Signs and symptoms redness, swelling, tenderness, warmth of sight, fever, chills, and swelling of lymph nodes
Antibiotic treatment (depending on the severity may require IV)

Question 13

What is herpes Symplex?

Answer 13

Common form of herpes is cold sores around the mouth or nose, also includes genital herpes

Question 14

What is Herpes zoster?

Answer 14

Chickenpox: viral infection that causes an itchy, blister like rash
Shingles: viral infection that causes painful rash, painful nerve pain

Question 15

What is Candidiasis?

Answer 15

Also known as oral thrush
Condition in which the fungus accumulates on the lining of your mouth
Also can be found in the perineum of children

Question 16

What is pediculosis?

Answer 16

Known as head lice usually found in children
Will nestle to any type of hair
Shampoo and combs to kill the suckers

Question 17

What is scabies?

Answer 17

Itchy skin condition caused by tiny burrowing mite
Mite leads to itching where it burrows
Contagious and can spread quickly through close contact

Question 18

What are bedbugs?

Answer 18

Live in any environment such as cotton, linens
Hot water or chemicals to kill and remove from home
Usually difficult to remove

Question 19

What is contact dermatitis?

Answer 19

Allergic reaction to antigen or irritant
Maybe challenging to diagnose, family history discussion of exposure will be necessary
Patch testing to determine cause
Best treatment is avoidance of causative agent

Question 20

What is ticks?

Answer 20

Bugs that nestle into your skin and grow when they bite
They need to be removed fully or pieces remaining will cause infection
Cause of most one faction
is the main cause of Lyme disease

Question 21

What is psoriasis?

Answer 21

Characterized by reoccurring red, scaly skin patches on the skin
Itchy for most people
The five main types of psoriasis or plaque, guatte, inverse, Pustular, erythrodermic
Plaque is the most common one

Question 22

What is curettage?

Answer 22

Removal and scooping away of tissue using an in-service with the circular cutting-edge attached to handle

Question 23

What is a punch biopsy?

Answer 23

Cores out a small thunder the skin use their lesions less than 0.5 cm

Question 24

What is cryosurgery?

Answer 24

Freeze and destroy epidermal lesion

Question 25

What is phototherapy?

Answer 25

UVA and or UVB light therapy plus psoralen to enhance the fact of light therapy
Therapeutic UV light doses can be measured and use the treat IV spectrum-diseases
Close monitoring is essential because it can burn the skin, cause severe erythema, or basal cell cancer
Tell the patient to avoid additional UV light exposure
Immunosuppressive effect of this treatment requires careful ongoing monitoring

Question 26

What is radiation therapy?

Answer 26

Done to malignant cutaneous lesions
Most effective on lesions above the neck, is Painless and effective for people who are unable to tolerate any surgery
Effective when preservation of surrounding tissue is desired
Tell patient it causes permanent hair loss and the irradiated areas can cause squamous cell cancer

Question 27

What is laser technology?

Answer 27

Reduces measurable, repeatable, control, consistent zones of tissue damage
Can cut, coagulate, and vaporize to a degree

Question 28

What is the wet dressing?

Answer 28

Used when there is oozing from the skin, may not need to be sterile
Relieves itching, suppresses inflammation and debrides wound
Remotes topical medication penetration, and enhances removal of crusts, scales, and exudate

Question 29

Antibiotics

Answer 29

Topically and systemically

Question 30

Corticosteroids

Answer 30

Topically, systemically, interlesion
Both anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effect
Diagnosis must be made prior to treatment because symptoms will be masked by corticosteroid
Long-term use of suppresses adrenal gland and increases risk for avascular necrosis of the hip

Question 31

Antihistamines

Answer 31

Here’s the tree conditions that produce urticaria, angioedema, and pruritis
Advise patient that there is a long half life and anticholinergic effects

Question 32

Topical ointment

Answer 32

Creams and lotions

Question 33

What to treat patient with dressings?

Answer 33

Teach patient to avoid spreading infection
careful handwashing and safe disposal of soiled dressing
teach patient to avoid secondary infections, and washing, good hygiene, sterile dressing changes if lesions are present
avoid scratching lesion and keep nails short

Question 34

How to control pruritis?

Answer 34

Teach patient to break the itch-scratch cycle
Anything that causes vasodilation itching worse as does dry skin
Topically applied menthol, camphor or phenol can numb the itch receptor
Systemic antihistamine if allowed by Dr., teach patient dangers of sedation if able to take his medications
Wet dressings