Skin Flashcards
What is self-examination?
Asymmetry Bordure irregularities Color change and variation Diameter, if suspicious more than 6 mm Evolving or changing
What is skin cancer?
Most common form of cancer
Persistent skin lesions That do not heal are highly suspicious for malignancy and should be biopsied
Must be caught and treated early
Risk factors for skin cancer
Fair skin type
History of sun exposure
Frequent and severe burns in childhood or adolescence
History of artificial tanning
smoking
Family history of skin cancer or prior history of skin cancer
Exposure to tar and systematic arsenicals
Living near the equator
Outdoor occupations or recreational activities
What is nonmelanoma skin cancer?
Neoplasm of the epidermis
Most common form of skin cancer
Maybe basal cell or squamous cell
What is basal cell?
Locally invasive, arises from the epidermal basal cell
Most common but less deadly of the two types
Middle aged and up most affected
Almost never spreads be on the skin
Can cause mass of tissue destruction if not she treated
What is Squamous cell?
Malignant neoplasm of the keratinizing epidermal cell
Usually occurs on Sun expose skin
Less common
Can be very aggressive and can metastasize
May lead to death if not treated
What is actinic keratosis?
A premalignant form of squamous cell cancer
Affects nearly all old white people
Most common of all the precancerous skin lesion
What is the care for actinic keratosis?
Cryosurgery Surgical excision Electro dissection and curettage Radiation and chemo therapy Mohs' procedure Teaching and learning about sun exposure and sun safety
What is malignant melanoma?
Tumor arising in melanocytes
Can be metastasized to any Organ, including the brain and heart
Most deadly of the skin cancers
Incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer
Exactly etiology is unknown, mutated gene is found among family
Usually surgical intervention is necessary
What is dysplastic nevi?
Atypical moles more than 5 mm across
Irregular borders and various shades of colors
May have the same ABCDE characteristics as melanoma but are less pronounced
Average person has approximately 40 normal nevi, people with more than 100 are at risk
What is a bacterial infection?
Can occur when balance between host and micro organism is altered:
Primary: following a break in the skin
Secondary: systematic disease or already damaged tissue
Predisposing factors: moisture, obesity, diabetes, systematic corticosteroids, poor hygiene
What is impetigo?
Highly contagious skin infection Mainly affect infants and children Usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth Cures on his own within 2 to 3 weeks Antibiotics and saline to wash it
What is cellulitis?
Infection of the deeper layers of the skin mostly common
Cause my bacteria that normally lives on the skins surface
Can rapidly turn into a life-threatening condition
Signs and symptoms redness, swelling, tenderness, warmth of sight, fever, chills, and swelling of lymph nodes
Antibiotic treatment (depending on the severity may require IV)
What is herpes Symplex?
Common form of herpes is cold sores around the mouth or nose, also includes genital herpes
What is Herpes zoster?
Chickenpox: viral infection that causes an itchy, blister like rash
Shingles: viral infection that causes painful rash, painful nerve pain
What is Candidiasis?
Also known as oral thrush
Condition in which the fungus accumulates on the lining of your mouth
Also can be found in the perineum of children
What is pediculosis?
Known as head lice usually found in children
Will nestle to any type of hair
Shampoo and combs to kill the suckers
What is scabies?
Itchy skin condition caused by tiny burrowing mite
Mite leads to itching where it burrows
Contagious and can spread quickly through close contact
What are bedbugs?
Live in any environment such as cotton, linens
Hot water or chemicals to kill and remove from home
Usually difficult to remove
What is contact dermatitis?
Allergic reaction to antigen or irritant
Maybe challenging to diagnose, family history discussion of exposure will be necessary
Patch testing to determine cause
Best treatment is avoidance of causative agent
What is ticks?
Bugs that nestle into your skin and grow when they bite
They need to be removed fully or pieces remaining will cause infection
Cause of most one faction
is the main cause of Lyme disease
What is psoriasis?
Characterized by reoccurring red, scaly skin patches on the skin
Itchy for most people
The five main types of psoriasis or plaque, guatte, inverse, Pustular, erythrodermic
Plaque is the most common one
What is curettage?
Removal and scooping away of tissue using an in-service with the circular cutting-edge attached to handle
What is a punch biopsy?
Cores out a small thunder the skin use their lesions less than 0.5 cm
