Disorders Of The upper and lower GI Tract Flashcards

Question

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 1

Usually asymptomatic First symptom may be hemorrhage or perforation When pain does occur for a duodenal ulcer it is described as burning or cramping, usually felt just below the xiphoid process or in the back, occurs up to four hours after meal, and can occur intermittently over time When paying does occur related to a gastric ulcer it is usually described as a burning or gaseous, felt high in the epigastric region, and two hours after the meal

Answer 2

``` History and physical examination Presents a black tarry stool or coffee ground emesis Epigastric tenderness Nausea and vomiting Endoscopy Serum immunoglobulin urea breath test Urine and stool specimen Serum analysis CBC to determine anemia ```

Answer 3

``` Medication Health teaching Nutritional therapy Avoid ETOH, coffee, and carbonated drinks Stop smoking Avoid OTC unless approved by Dr. Adequate physical and psychological rest What to do if pain and/or discomfort, nausea, and blood in the stool occur ```

Answer 4

Hemorrhage Perforation, which is a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and rigidity, no bowel sounds, shallow and rapid respirations, peritonitis will occur in 6 to 12 hours if not treated Gastric outlet obstruction in, occurs when ulcer blocks any part of the pylorus, pain is really by belching or projectile vomiting, loud peristalsis is audible and visual

Answer 5

Immediate focus is to stop spillage of gastric content into the peritoneal cavity Make patient NPO status and prepare for immediate surgery

Answer 6

Decompress the stomach, correct fluid and electrolyte and balances, and improve health status Monitor vital signs and strict ins and outs repositioning patient from side to side Non-surgical option for pyloric obstruction is to undergo a series of balloon dilations

Answer 7

Surgery Pre and Postoperative care Avoid postoperative complications

Answer 8

Characterized by intermittent and recurring abdominal pain associated with alteration involve function Affects 13 to 20% of Canadians and is most common reason for workplace absence

Answer 9

``` Diarrhea or constipation Abdominal distention Excessive flatulence bloating Urge to defecate Sense of incomplete bowel evacuation ```

Answer 10

Stress Psychological factors Food Intolerances

Answer 11

Very thorough history and physical examination | Rule out other causes

Answer 12

Diet therapy, at least 30 g of fiber daily, avoid gas producing foods, avoid lactose if it is the cause Treatments for constipation, stress management, and antidepressant

Answer 13

Most often due to blunt trauma, or other penetrating injuries Injuries can be severe and life-threatening, laceration to liver, arterial tears, ruptured spleen, and bladder, intestines, or stomach injuries Complications can also be severe and life-threatening such as sepsis on peritonitis

Answer 14

Guarding and splinting of the abdomen Hard, distended abdomen Absent bowel sounds Contusion, abrasions, bruising over flanks or abdomen Severe abdominal pain Hematemesis, hematuria, or signs of hypovolemic shock

Answer 15

``` CBC Urinalysis X-rays CT Abdominal ultrasound ```

Answer 16

Repair the damage | Emergency management focuses on airway, fluid replacement, gastric decompression, and prevention of hypovolemic shock

Answer 17

Inflammation of the appendix | Most common cause is occlusion of appendiceal lumen or hyper active growth of the tissue

Answer 18

Persistent, continuous periumbilical pain followed by anorexia, nausea, and vomiting Pain eventually shift to right lower quadrant and localized at McBurney's point

Answer 19

History And physical examination Palpation of abdomen Differential wbc's Urinalysis

Answer 20

Appendectomy

Answer 21

Teach people to seek medical attention if they have abdominal pain If appendicitis is suspected patient should become NPO Patient is usually discharged on day two if there is no peritonitis Teach patient symptoms of infection Cannot lift things more than 10 pounds for three weeks

Answer 22

Results from a localized or generalized inflammatory process of the peritoneum May be acute or chronic Maybe primary or secondary

Answer 23

Abdominal pain is most common symptom Universal find is tenderness over the involved area Rebound tenderness, muscular rigidity, basil, abdominal distention or ascites Fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting Altered bowel habits may be present

Answer 24

``` Hypovolemic shock Septicemia Intra-abdominal abscess formation Paralytic ileus Organ failure ```

Answer 25

``` CBC Peritoneal aspiration Abdominal x-ray which may show evidence of paralytic ileus Urinalysis and CT scan Peritonealscopy ```

Answer 26

Identify and eliminate it cause Minor cases can be managed non-surgically Monitor for sepsis and increased pain

Answer 27

Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and the small intestine, usually related to bacterial or viral infection Usually runs its course with no significant adverse effects

Answer 28

Nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention and cramping Fever Blood or mucus in the stool Self limiting Older clients are at risk for dehydration

Answer 29

NPO until no longer vomiting Iv fluid replacement Accurate ins and outs Medical asepsis and infection control precautions Antibiotics depending on causative organism Teach patient infection control management related to food preparation and handling

Answer 30

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease May occur at any age but peaks between 15 and 25 years of age and again between 60 and 80 years of age Equally affects both sexes More common in Jewish and upper-middle-class urban population

Answer 31

Intermittent exacerbations over many years Bloody diarrhea Abdominal pain Systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, and anorexia Mucousy or bloody stool Anemia, weight loss, tachycardia, dehydration

Answer 32

Intestinal issues such as hemorrhage, structures, perforation, toxic megacolon, colorectal cancer Extra intestinal issues... (Not focusing on this for this test)

Answer 33

``` History and physical examination Bloodwork Stool samples for blood, pus, and mucus Stool for C&S. To determine for infectious agents Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy Barium enema ```

Answer 34

``` Rest the bowels Control inflammation Combat infection Correct malnutrition Alleviate stress Provide symptom relief by using drug therapy Most do not need surgical intervention ```

Answer 35

A chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown origin that can affect any part of the G.I. tract from the mouth to the anus Most often occurs between 15 and 30 years of age Slightly higher incidence in women Unpredictable periods of recurrence in remission

Answer 36

Are dependent on anatomic location, extent of disease process, and complications Onset is insidious with nonspecific complaints Diarrhea, nonbloody Fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever

Answer 37

Scar tissue related to inflammation | Extraintestinal complication similar to colitis

Answer 38

``` History and physical examination CBC Serum chemistry Testing for stool occult blood Barium enema Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy ```

Answer 39

``` Control the inflammatory process Symptom Management Correct metabolic and nutritional problems Promote healing Drug and nutritional therapy Surgical therapy only one severe ```

Answer 40

Partial or complete obstruction of the intestine Requires immediate treatment Cause can be mechanical or nonmechanical Is potentially life-threatening

Answer 41

Vomiting feces pain Abdominal distention High-pitched bowel sounds

Answer 42

History and physical examination Abdominal x-rays Barium enema CBC, electrolytes, amylase, and BUN

Answer 43

Relief of obstruction Resolution of pain Normal fluid and electrolyte status Adequate nutrition

Answer 44

There are two forms of diverticular disease the first one is diverticulosis and the second one diverticulitis It is a common G.I. disorder with 5% of adults affected by age 40 and 60% by 885 Affects men and women equally but men have a higher rate of complications Cause of diverticulitis is related to retention of stool and bacteria in the diverticulum Inflammation spreads to the surrounding tissue causing edema, abscesses, and perforation

Answer 45

Majority of clans have no symptoms Crampy abdominal pain in left lower quadrant which is alleviated by passing of gas or having a bowel movement alternative constipation and diarrhea

Answer 46

Domino pain but is localize over the involved area of the colon Fever, chills, nausea, anorexia, increased WBCs Please note that older clients maybe afebrile, have normal WBC, and little to no abdominal tenderness

Answer 47

Perforation Bowel obstruction Ureteral obstruction bleeding

Answer 48

CT with oral contrast CBC, urinalysis, and fecal occult blood testing colonoscopy

Answer 49

Allow the colon to rest and the inflammation to subside

Answer 50

Prevent progression to diverticulitis

Answer 51

Fiber and balk laxatives for non-complicated diverticular disease Acute phase the patient should be given IV fluids, bedrest, and monitor for signs and symptoms of peritonitis Oral fluids once acute phase is over Stool softeners and antibiotics upon discharge