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Pathology Unit 2 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of the skin has desmosomes?

A

stratum spinosum

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2
Q

atopic dermatitis is what type of HSR?

A

type I

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3
Q

What are munroe abscesses?

A

neutrophils in the corneum
-diapedesis occurs at dermal papilla rather than Post cap venule

  • seen in psoriasis
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4
Q

What is an auspitz sign?

A

pinpoint bleeding occurs when psoriatic scale is picked off

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5
Q

What disease is lichen planus associated with?

A

Hep C

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6
Q

What disease has the 4 “P”s and what are they?

A

Lichen Planus

  1. Pruitic
  2. polygonal
  3. purple
  4. papules
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7
Q

In ichthyosis vulgaris what is defective? what is seen histologically?

A

dec synthesis of profillagrin

  • corneum is loose
  • granulosum is absent
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8
Q

In x-linked ichthyosis what is deficient? what therefore occurs?

A

steroid sulfatase

-persistence of cohesion in corneum

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9
Q

What is mutated in lamellar ichthyosis?

A

TGM1

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10
Q

In darier disease what is mutated and what therefore occurs?

A

ATP2A2 is mutated - ca2+ dependent assembly of desmosomes is messed up

  • multifocal keratoses
  • skin colored papules that become encrusted
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11
Q

What causes pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG against desmoglein

  • Type II HSR
  • acantholysis of stratum spinosum
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12
Q

Describe the nature of the blisters in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

thin walled bullae that rupture easily

-suprabasal - intraepidermal

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13
Q

What is affected in EB simplex?

A

cytokeratin IFs

-blisters develop in response to minor trauma

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14
Q

Where does cleavage occur in Junctional EB? What molecule is affected?

A
  • lamina lucida
  • Benign: mutation in XVII collagen
    severe: laminin and integrin
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15
Q

Where is the split in dermolytic EB and what molecule is affected?

A

anchoring fibrils

-entire BMZ and epidermis splits

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16
Q

What is the mutation in kindler syndrome and where is the cleavage?

A
  • mutation in FERMT1

- mixed cleavage planes

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17
Q

What causes bullous pemphigoid? where are the blisters?

A

IgG against hemidesmosomes

  • subepidermal blisters
  • oral mucosa is spared!
  • primarily thighs and trunk
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18
Q

What type of blisters occur in bullous pemphigoid?

A

tense bullae that dont rupture easily

19
Q

What causes dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

igA at tips of dermal papillae

20
Q

What is the signature rash in erythema multiforme?

A

targetoid rash with bullae

21
Q

What is steven johnson syndrome?

A

severe EM with oral involvement and fever

22
Q

What is the appearance of a seborrheic keratosis nodule?

A

“coin stuck on appearance”

-raised discolored plaque

23
Q

What is the typical word used for the histology of seborrheic keratosis?

A

pseudocysts

24
Q

What is leser trelat sign?

A

sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses

-sign of GI tumor

25
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

insulin resistance or malignancy

26
Q

What is a buzz word for Basal cell carcinoma?

A

palisading

27
Q

What is the most common cancer in transplant patients?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

What is actinic keratosis a precursor for?

A

SCC

29
Q

What is the presentation of keratocanthoma, a well differentiated scc?

A

cup shaped tumor with keratin debris

30
Q

What and where are these tumors :

  1. cylindroma
  2. syringoma
  3. poroma
  4. trichoepithelioma
A
  1. sweat gland - on scalp
  2. eccrine gland - eyelid, cheek
  3. eccrine gland possibly
  4. hair structures- face, scalp, neck, trunk
31
Q

What is the appearance of a dermatofibroma?

A

pink to brown firm rubbery nodule on extremities

32
Q

What is the histologic appearance of a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans? What marker do they display?

A

spindle cells in a dense pinwheel pattern

-CD34

33
Q

What is an increase in melanosomes?

A

freckle

34
Q

What is an increase in melanocytes?

A

nevus

35
Q

what is melasma and what is it associated with?

A

hyperplasia of cheeks

-estrogen

36
Q

What is a spindle epithelioid cell nevi called?

A

spitz nevi

37
Q

What is the growth pattern in lentigo malignant melanoma?

A

proliferation along the epidermal-dermal junction

38
Q

What is the most common type of malignant melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

39
Q

How does nodular malignant melanoma spread?

A

early vertical phase - no radial phase

-epidermis is pushed up creating a nodule

40
Q

Which form of malignant melanoma is found in dark skinned people and therefore isn’t associated with sun exposure?

A

acral lentiginous - on the palms and soles

41
Q

compare and contrast cellulitis and impetigo?

A

both usually due to staph or strep
-impetigo: children, superficial

-cellulitis: deeper

42
Q

Where does epidermolysis occur in staph scalded skin syndrome? TEN?

A

scalded -stratum granulosum

TEN - dermal epidermal junction

43
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

poxvirus

44
Q

Where does swelling occur in urticaria? angioedema?

A

urticaria - superficial dermis

angioedema - deep dermis

Pathology Unit 2 (6 decks)

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