inflammation

Question 1

what molecules attract PMNs

Answer 1

LTB4 c5a IL8

Question 2

what is the function of the other leukotrienes

Answer 2

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 - slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis mediate vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, inc vasc perm.

Question 3

what complement proteins activate mast cells

Answer 3

c3a, c5a

Question 4

What are the opsonins

Answer 4

c3b and IgG

Question 5

describe the function of kinin

Answer 5

cleaves high MW kininogen to bradykinin –> vasodilation and inc vasc permeability, pain

Question 6

what molecules are responsible for pain

Answer 6

PGE2, bradykinin

Question 7

what molecule is responsible for fever

Answer 7

PGE2

Question 8

what are the antiinflammatory cytokines

Answer 8

IL10 , TGFB

Question 9

When do macros come into the picture

Answer 9

peak 2-3 days

Question 10

susceptibility in CGD

Answer 10

inc suscpetbility to staph aureus, pseudomonas, serratia, nocardia, aspergillus all catalase + organisms

Question 11

people with MPO deficiency are at inc risk for what

Answer 11

candida infections

Question 12

what is the second signal for CD4 T cell activation

Answer 12

B7 on APC binds CD28 on CD4 helper T cells

Question 13

TH1 cells secrete

Answer 13

IFN - activates macros, B cell class switching igM –> igG, inhibits class TH2

Question 14

TH2 cells secrete

Answer 14

IL4 - b cell class switching to igE IL5 - eosinophil chemotaxis and class switch to IgA IL13

Question 15

what is the secondary signal for CD8 T cell activation

Answer 15

IL2 from cd4 TH1 cells

Question 16

what are the signals for activation of a B cells

Answer 16

ag binding IgM or igD cd40 binds to CD40 L on helper T cell

Question 17

digeorge syndrome

Answer 17

T cell deficiency hypocalemia - lack of parathyroid glands heart abnormalities vessel abnormalities

Question 18

SCID is caused by many etiologies, but build up of what molecule is one major cause?

Answer 18

adenosine deaminase deficiency leads to inc adenosine and deoxyadenosine

Question 19

what causes x linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer 19

mutated bruton tyrosine kinase - disordered B cell maturation

Question 20

what are patients with x linked agammaglobulinemia suscpetible to

Answer 20

bacterial, enteroviruses, giardia need to avoid live vaccines

Question 21

what is hyper igM syndrome

Answer 21

mutated cd40 L secondary signal for class switching doesnt occur low igA, igG, IgE - recurrent pyogenic infections

Question 22

wiskott aldrich syndrome

Answer 22

thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections - defective cellular and humoral immunity bleeding is major cause of death

Question 23

c1 inhibitor deficiency

Answer 23

hereditary angioedema

Question 24

what does CREST stand for

Answer 24

calcinosis/ anticentromere antibodies raynauds esophageal dysmotility sclerodactyly telangiectasia

Question 25

antibodies in mixed CT disease?

Answer 25

u1 ribonucleoprotein

Question 26

What is a classic example of a “stable” cell type and what does this mean

Answer 26

liver tissue cells that are quiescent but can enter into S phase if needed

Question 27

when does “repair “ occur

Answer 27

when regenerative stem cells are lost or cells lack regenerative capacity

Question 28

scar formation consists of what process

Answer 28

type III collagen –> type I collagen - higher tensile strength