Skin Flashcards
whats the hair shaft
actual part of the hair
what is the stratum corneum
top layer of skin, all dead cells keratinized
what is the stratum lucidum
2nd highest layer of skin, lost nuclei and cytoplasm, only found in callous, feet, hands
what is the stratum granulosum
3rd highest layer of skin, begin to flatten cells
what is the stratum spinosum
4 highest layer, biggest, keratin fibers begin to form
what is the stratum basale
they go through division, still has blood connected
what are melanocytes
cells that provide melanin, the skin pigment for skin, everyone has the same amount of melanocytes
what are longhorns cells
cleans the debris from layers
what is the hair follicle
produces hair, hair root is below the epidermis and hair shaft is above, fully keratinized and dehydrated dead cells
what are chemoreceptors
responds to changes in the concentration of chemicals-smells and taste
what are pain receptors(nociceptors)
responds to tissue damage-mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical
what are thermoreceptors
responds to temperature changes
what are mechanoreceptors
sense mechanical forces by detecting changes that deform receptors(skin responding to physical contact, ear providing balance and vibrations from sounds)
what are proprioceptors
sense changes in the tension of muscles and tendons
what are baroreceptors
detect blood pressure changes
what are stretch receptors
dense degree of inflation in lungs
what are photoreceptors
responds to light in the eyes
what are free nerve endings
simplest receptors, responsible for the sensation of itching
what are Tactile(Meissner’s) corpuscles
provide fine touch
what are Lamellated(Pacinian) corpuscles
common in deep dermal tissues, detects vibrations in tissue
what is keratinization
process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden
what is melanoma
a tumor of melanin-forming cells, especially a malignant tumor associated with skin cancer
characteristics of basal cell carcinoma
appears as a pearly white, dome shaped prominence in the epidermis
characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma
firm, smooth, or hyperkeratotic plaque, often with central ulcerations in the epidermis
characteristics of malignant melanoma
arise in melanocytes, considered most serious of skin cancer
characteristics of hypodermis(subcutaneous layer)
loose connective tissue and Adipose tissue, insulates
what is the nail
protective covering on the ends of fingers and toes
what is the nail bed
made of specialized epithelial cells that become nail plate
what is the lunula
most active growing region
what is the nail plate
keratinized epithelial cells
what is the rule of nines
subdividing skin surface into regions, each accounting 9%(or some multiple of nines) of total surface area
