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Victor BNF Notes > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are ointments

A
  • greasy
  • forms occlusive barrier over skin
  • most hydrating
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2
Q

What are creams

A
  • less greasy
  • cosmetically accepted
  • drys quicker
  • applied more frequently
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3
Q

What are gels

A
  • high water content
  • scalp and face suited
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4
Q

What are lotions

A
  • cooling effect
  • preferred for large/ hairy area
  • alcoholic base which can sting broken skin
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5
Q

What is the caution with salicylate containing preparations

A

can cause toxicity
- in neonates
- when applied over large areas

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6
Q

When should you avoid benzyl alcohol and why

A

avoid in neonates as can cause fatal toxicity

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7
Q

When to apply Emollients for eczema

A
  • as often as required
  • maintain moisture
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8
Q

How to apply emollients

A
  • apply in direction of hair growth
  • to avoid folliculitis (inflamed hair follicles)
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9
Q

How long should you soak with bath additives for improved hydration

A

at least 10 to 20 mins

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10
Q

What is the MHRA caution with paraffin based skin emollients

A
  • fire risk
  • clothes, dressings are easily ignited
  • do not smoke
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11
Q

Topical corticosteroids mode of action

A

reduces inflammation in inflammatory skin conditions
e.g eczema, dermatitis

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12
Q

When are Topical corticosteroids contra-indicated

A
  • acne
  • rosacea
  • skin infections
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13
Q

What is the most potent Topical corticosteroids

A

Clobetasol
(Dermovate)

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14
Q

What are the second most potent Topical corticosteroids

A
  • betamthasone 0.1 (betnovate)
  • hydrocortisone butyrate
  • mometasone
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15
Q

What are moderate poteny Topical corticsteroids

A
  • clobetasone (Eumovate)
  • Betamethasone 0.025 (Betnovate RD)
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16
Q

What are mild potency Topical corticosteroids

A

Hydrocortisone <2.5%

17
Q

How to apply Topical corticosteroids

A
  • apply thinly to affected area, no more than twice daily
  • apply emollient first and wait 30 mins before applying steroid for maximum absorption
  • Keep away from eyes
18
Q

Why should you avoid prolonged use of Topical corticosteroids (especially on face)

A

as they can cause
- skin thinning
- hypo / hyper pigmentation

19
Q

How long is the treatment course for rosacea

A

6 to 12 weeks

20
Q

Treatment for Rosacea (facial erythema) (face redness)

A

Brimonidine gel

21
Q

What are the brimonidine

A
  • risk of cv effects
    (bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness)
  • risk of rosacea exacerbation
22
Q

How to avoid CV effects of brimonidine

A

avoid application to irritated or damaged skin

23
Q

How to avoid exacerbation of rosacea when using brimonidine

A
  • do not exceed maximum daily dose
  • stop and report if symptoms worsen
24
Q

What is Oral Isotretinoin

A

acne treatment only prescribed under supervision

25
Q

Tretinoids (Isotretinoin) and vitamin A and pregnancy

A

they are teratogenic (deformities in babies)

26
Q

Tretinoids and contraception

A

effective contraception 1 month before and after treatment

27
Q

Tretinoids and contraception part 2

A
  • needs 2 types of contraception
  • pregnancy test needs to be negative (every months)
28
Q

At which day of the menstrual cycle should you start teratogenic drug treatment

A

2nd or 3rd day

29
Q

Side effects of Isotretinoin

A
  • hypoglycaemia
  • high cholesterol
  • pancreatitis
  • hepatotoxicity
  • visual disturbances
  • redness
  • severe dryness
  • erectile dysfunction
  • decreased libido
30
Q

At which level of triglycerides is there a higher risk of pancreatitis when taking Isotretinoin for acne

A

9mmol/litre

31
Q

When should you discontinue Isotretinoin

A
  • if >9mmol/litre triglycerides
  • pancreatitis
  • severe skin peeling
  • hemorrhagic diarrhoea
  • visual disturbances
  • psychiatric reactions
32
Q

Patient counselling for Isotretinoin

A

Photosensitivity
- avoid UV light
- use high SPF sunscreen

Victor BNF Notes (25 decks)

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