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Victor BNF Notes > Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Drugs in Driving > Flashcards

Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Drugs in Driving Flashcards

1
Q

What exacerbates the effect of sedating drugs

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

What medications are sedating

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Anti-epileptic
  • Antipsychotic
  • Opioids
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Baclofen
  • Hypnotics
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Quinolones
  • Levodopa (dopamine receptor antagonists)
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3
Q

Symptoms of Hypotension

A
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting
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4
Q

What medications cause hypotension

A
  • Alpha-blockers
  • Dopamine receptor agonists
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5
Q

What medications cause hypoglycaemia

A
  • Sulphonylureas
  • Insulin
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6
Q

How does a patient report an Adverse Drug Reaction

A

Yellow Card Scheme

(for biosimilar medication, state brand name and batch number)

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7
Q

Where to report a defective medication or device

A

Defective Medicines Report Centre of MHRA

(give all details)

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8
Q

What rate of side effect is very common

A

1 in 10

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9
Q

What rate of side effect is common

A

1 in 100

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10
Q

What rate of side effect is uncommon

A

1 in 1000

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11
Q

What rate of side effect is rare

A

1 in 10,000

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12
Q

What rate of side effect is very rare

A

<1 in 10,000

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13
Q

What drugs cause myelosupression (low blood count)

A
  • DMARDs
  • Anti-epileptics
  • Antibiotics
  • Immunosuppressants
  • Anti-folates
  • Carbimazole
  • Clozapine
  • Mirtazepine
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14
Q

What does low white cell count mean

A

susceptible to infection

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15
Q

What does red cell count mean

A

Anaemia (low red cells)

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16
Q

What does low platelet count mean

A

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet)

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17
Q

What medications cause oral ulcers

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • NSAIDs
  • Nicorandil
  • Pancreatin
  • Cytotoxic (methotrexate)
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18
Q

What drugs cause oral candidiasis

A
  • corticosteroid inhalers
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19
Q

What drug stains teeth brown

A

Chlorhexidine

20
Q

What drug stains teeth black

A

liquid iron

21
Q

What drug stains teeth yellow-grey

A

tetracyclines

22
Q

What drug causes osteoporosis of jaw

A

Bisphosphonates

(especially IV for cancer)

23
Q

What drugs cause gingival tissue hypertrophy

A
  • Ciclosporin
  • Nifedipine
  • Phenytoin
24
Q

What drugs cause dry mouth

A
  • Antimuscarinics
  • Antipsychotics
  • Opioids
  • Excessive diuretics
  • Antihistamines
  • Antidepressants
25
Q

What drugs cause taste disturbances

A
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Amiodarone
  • Carbimazole
  • Clarithromycin
  • Lithium
  • Metformin
  • Metronidazole
  • Zopiclone
26
Q

What drugs cause photosensitivity

A
  • Antimicrobials
  • Amiodarone
  • Phenothiazine
  • Antipsychotics
  • Tacrolimus
  • Topical NSAID
  • Benzoyl Peroxide
  • Vit A
  • Isotretinoin
27
Q

Examples of Antimicrobials that cause photosensitivity

A
  • Antifungals (voriconazole)
  • Tetracycline Antibiotics (Doxycycline)
  • Other Anti-biotics
    (co-trimoxazole, Quinolone)
  • Anti-Malarials
    (hydroxychloroquine)
28
Q

What is the cautionary and advisory label for drugs that cause photosensitive

A

Protect your skin from sun light, even on bright but cloudy day. Do not use sun beds

29
Q

What drugs cause contact sensation

A
  • Methotrexate
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Cytotoxic drugs
30
Q

What drugs cause QT prolongation

A
  • Antipsychotic drugs
  • Antidepressants
  • Anti-arrhythmic drugs
  • CNS drugs
  • Antimicrobial
31
Q

What factors increase likely hood of QT prorogation

A
  • increasing age
  • female sex
  • cardiac disease
  • Bradycardia
  • Electrolyte disturbances
32
Q

What drugs cause Hypokalaemia

A
  • loop/thiazide diuretics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Beta2 Agonist
  • Stimulant laxative overuse
  • Amphoteracin B
33
Q

Drugs that increase risk of bleeding

A
  • Anti-platelet
    (NSAID, SSRI, Venlafaxine, Clopidogrel, Praugrel, Abciximab
  • Anticoagulants
34
Q

What drugs cause Thromboembolism

A
  • Cytotoxic drugs
  • Oestrogens
    (HRT, combined contraceptive, tranexamic acid)
35
Q

Drugs that cause Bradycardia

A

CVS Drugs:
- Beta blockers
- Amiodarone
- Digoxine
- rate limiting Calcium channel blockers
- Clonidine

CNS Drugs:
- Antimuscarinics
- TCA
- Acetylcholinerase inhibitors

36
Q

Examples of Rate limiting Calcium channel blockers

A
  • Diltiazem
  • Verapamil
37
Q

What drugs cause first first dose hypotension

A

CVS drugs:
- Alpha blockers
- ACE / ARBS
-Nitrates

  • Indoramin
38
Q

Drugs that cause Hypotension

A

Antihypertensives:
- Beta-blockers
- calcium channel blockers
- ACE / ARB
- Alpha blockers

Other:
- Alcohol
- Dopamine receptor agonists
- Diuretics
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- Antipsychotics
- Gliflozins

39
Q

What drugs cause antimuscarinic effect

A
  • Antimuscarinic
  • TCA
  • Antihistamine
  • Clozapine
  • Antipsychotic
40
Q

What drugs cause CNS effects

A
  • Alcohol
  • Anaesthetics
  • Anti-epileptics
  • Antihistamines
  • Antipsychotics
  • Baclofen
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Opioids
  • Velafelaxine
41
Q

What drugs cause peripheral neuropathy

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Phenytoin
  • Isoniazide
  • Metronidazole
42
Q

What drugs cause serotonin syndrome

A
  • 5-HT1a Agonists
  • Antidepressants
  • 5-HT3 Antagonists (Amfetamines)
  • St Johns Wort
43
Q

What drugs cause Ototoxicity (ear)

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cisplatin
  • Glycopeptides
  • Loop Diuretics
44
Q

What drugs lower the seizure threshold

A
  • Quinolones
  • SSRIs
  • Antipsychotics
  • Tramadol
    -Theophylline
  • Lithium
  • Baclofen
  • Amfetamines
45
Q

What drugs increase serum potassium

A
  • ACE Inhibitors/ ARBS
  • Aldosterone antagonists
  • Heparins
  • NSAIDs
  • Tacrolimus
  • Trimethoprim
46
Q

What drugs reduce serum potassium

A
  • Theophylline
  • B2 Antagonists
  • Corticosteroids
  • Diuretics
  • Stimulant Laxatives
47
Q

What drugs cause hyponatraemia (reduced sodium)

A
  • Carbamazepines
  • Diuretics
  • Antidepressants
    -NSAIDs
  • Desmopression

Victor BNF Notes (25 decks)

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