Skin Flashcards
Integumentary
Skin, nails, hair, and glands
Epidermis
avascular; no blood vessels; stratified squamous
dermis
connective tissue
keratinocytes
majority of skin cells; as cells age, filled w/ keratin (protein)
Melanocytes
filled w/ melanin; absorb UV light
hypodermis/subcutaneous
adipose + areolar; adipose used for insulation
merkel cells
touch receptors for heat, cold, itchy, tickling; attached to stratum basale
Lamellar granules
keeps moisture in
Apoptosis
cell death; lose nuclei, get flat, and die
Moles “nevus”
benign overgrowth of melanin
A (asymmetry)
both sides of mole are different
B (border)
borders are uneven
C (color)
black, blue, red, brown w/ white center
D (diameter)
bigger than 6mm
E (evolution)
changes in size
Albinism
genetic condition; has melanocytes but the gene to produce melanin is shut off
Vitaligo
auto immune disease that destroys melanocytes
Intradermal
goes directly into dermis; absorbed slowly; ex: botox, allergy, TB test
Subcutneous
absorbed slowly; ex: insulin
Intramuscular
vaccines, antibiotics; absorbed quickly due to lots of blood vessels
Intravenous
most quickest; ex: chemo, antibiotics, saline (dehydration)
nails
made up of epidermal cells
nail matrix
area of cell division (in the nail); if damaged does NOT grow back
Pale nails
indicates anemia; heart/kidney disease
white nails
liver issues (hepatitis)
Yellow nails
fungal infection
Blue nails
lack of oxygen; cardio issue
Rippled nails
early sign of arthritis or psorasis
Cracked/split nails
thyroid disease
Black/brown streak nail
indicates melanoma
White spots
injury; result from stress
Biotin
vitamin to make nails strong; 2.5mg; food: eggs, nuts, bananas, cauliflower
papilla
area for blood supply
hair matrix
single layer of epidermal cells for cell division
alopecia
auto immune disease that attacks hair follicle; patches of hair loss
baldness
genetic condition inherited by x chromosome; hair follicle made unproductive/falls out
arrector pili muscle
causes goosebumps
Glands
sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous
Ceruminous gland
earwax; anything to do with the ear
Sebaceous gland
coats hair to prevent drying; prevents bacteria infections; sebum (triglyceride, proteins, cholesterol); found in dermis
sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
eccrine
seen in palms + soles of feet; regulates body heat; active at birth
apocrine
found in arm pit, facial area, + groin; activated by stress and sexual stimulation; starts to work at puberty
epidermis + dermis…
makes up the skin
cytocrine secretion
found in stratum basale or stratum spinosum
purpose of subcutaneous
provides nutrients
what layers have keratinocytes?
all layers
hemoglobin
pinkish skin tone
carotene
yellowish-orange skin tone
What causes sweat to stink?
bacteria
Stratum basale
has melanocytes; merkel cells attached to bottom; only layer where cell division occurs
Stratum spinosum
has langerhan cells
langerhan cells
protects from UV + helps w/ immunity
Stratum granulosum
lamellar granules