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Human Biology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin, nails, hair, and glands

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

avascular; no blood vessels; stratified squamous

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3
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

keratinocytes

A

majority of skin cells; as cells age, filled w/ keratin (protein)

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5
Q

Melanocytes

A

filled w/ melanin; absorb UV light

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6
Q

hypodermis/subcutaneous

A

adipose + areolar; adipose used for insulation

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7
Q

merkel cells

A

touch receptors for heat, cold, itchy, tickling; attached to stratum basale

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8
Q

Lamellar granules

A

keeps moisture in

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9
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell death; lose nuclei, get flat, and die

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10
Q

Moles “nevus”

A

benign overgrowth of melanin

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11
Q

A (asymmetry)

A

both sides of mole are different

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12
Q

B (border)

A

borders are uneven

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13
Q

C (color)

A

black, blue, red, brown w/ white center

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14
Q

D (diameter)

A

bigger than 6mm

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15
Q

E (evolution)

A

changes in size

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16
Q

Albinism

A

genetic condition; has melanocytes but the gene to produce melanin is shut off

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17
Q

Vitaligo

A

auto immune disease that destroys melanocytes

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18
Q

Intradermal

A

goes directly into dermis; absorbed slowly; ex: botox, allergy, TB test

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19
Q

Subcutneous

A

absorbed slowly; ex: insulin

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20
Q

Intramuscular

A

vaccines, antibiotics; absorbed quickly due to lots of blood vessels

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21
Q

Intravenous

A

most quickest; ex: chemo, antibiotics, saline (dehydration)

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22
Q

nails

A

made up of epidermal cells

23
Q

nail matrix

A

area of cell division (in the nail); if damaged does NOT grow back

24
Q

Pale nails

A

indicates anemia; heart/kidney disease

25
Q

white nails

A

liver issues (hepatitis)

26
Q

Yellow nails

A

fungal infection

27
Q

Blue nails

A

lack of oxygen; cardio issue

28
Q

Rippled nails

A

early sign of arthritis or psorasis

29
Q

Cracked/split nails

A

thyroid disease

30
Q

Black/brown streak nail

A

indicates melanoma

31
Q

White spots

A

injury; result from stress

32
Q

Biotin

A

vitamin to make nails strong; 2.5mg; food: eggs, nuts, bananas, cauliflower

33
Q

papilla

A

area for blood supply

34
Q

hair matrix

A

single layer of epidermal cells for cell division

35
Q

alopecia

A

auto immune disease that attacks hair follicle; patches of hair loss

36
Q

baldness

A

genetic condition inherited by x chromosome; hair follicle made unproductive/falls out

37
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

causes goosebumps

38
Q

Glands

A

sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous

39
Q

Ceruminous gland

A

earwax; anything to do with the ear

40
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

coats hair to prevent drying; prevents bacteria infections; sebum (triglyceride, proteins, cholesterol); found in dermis

41
Q

sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

42
Q

eccrine

A

seen in palms + soles of feet; regulates body heat; active at birth

43
Q

apocrine

A

found in arm pit, facial area, + groin; activated by stress and sexual stimulation; starts to work at puberty

44
Q

epidermis + dermis…

A

makes up the skin

45
Q

cytocrine secretion

A

found in stratum basale or stratum spinosum

46
Q

purpose of subcutaneous

A

provides nutrients

47
Q

what layers have keratinocytes?

A

all layers

48
Q

hemoglobin

A

pinkish skin tone

49
Q

carotene

A

yellowish-orange skin tone

50
Q

What causes sweat to stink?

A

bacteria

51
Q

Stratum basale

A

has melanocytes; merkel cells attached to bottom; only layer where cell division occurs

52
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

has langerhan cells

53
Q

langerhan cells

A

protects from UV + helps w/ immunity

54
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

lamellar granules

Human Biology (19 decks)

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