Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive System Process
breaking down food into usable nutrients for absorption
Carbohydrates
monosacharides
lipids
glycerol + fatty acids
Digestion
- mechanical “chewing”
- chemical use of enzymes (further breakdown into monomers (building blocks)
Alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small + large intestine, rectum and anus
Accessories organ
liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands
Mucosa membrane
- made up of epithelial + connective tissue
- some areas are folded to increase surface area
- have goblet cells
Goblet cells
secrete mucous
Submucosa
- made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves + glands
- carry away absorbed materials
muscularis
- made up of longitudinal + circular muscles
- peristalis (wave-like motion to move food)
serosa/viseral peritonium
- excrete any fluid + helps lubricate canal
dentition
study of teeth
baby teeth (decidious teeth)
appear at 6 months; 20 teeth
permanent teeth
32 teeth
mastication
chewing
salivary glands
3 total; job is to manufacture saliva; amount increases w/ more you ingest; contains salivary amylase (enzyme)
pharnyx
- throat region
- connects mouth w/ esophagus
esophagus
- food table; responsible for beginning peristalis
- found next to trachea
- wave like contractions due to muscularis layer in anal
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disorder “heartburn”
stomach
- pouch-like organ
- doesn’t absorb; does breakdown food
rugae
- originates from mucosa
- increases surface area
bile
- stored in gall bladder
- contains salts, electrolytes, cholesterol, bilirubin
- high bilirubin = jaundice
Pancreas
- both endocrine + exocrine gland
-exocrine gland secretes pancreatic juice - situated by small intestines; by spleen
- pancreatic juice helps to digest carbs, proteins, fats, nucleic acids
liver
- 4 lobes: right,, left, caudate, quadrate